determine how the oceans can contribute to their development, and to 

 promote cooperative endeavors by- — 



(1) Encouraging increased cooperation among ocean scientists of 

 all nations and broadened dissemination of scientific results; 



(2) Collaborating with other nations in developing and using new 

 marine technologies within a framework of mutual benefit; 



(3) Encouraging the developing nations to use the oceans and 

 their resources to foster economic progress, recognizing the need for 

 assistance from many nations and international organizations; 



(4) Supporting the activities of the many organizations of the 

 United Nations system and other international organizations engaged 

 in oceanic activities ; 



(5) Fostering cooperation among nations in exploring the oceans, 

 sharing the costs and the benefits; 



(6) Developing an effective and just code of international law 

 which will preserve the traditional freedoms of the seas, insure that 

 nations have equitable opportunities to participate in and share the 

 development of the wealth of the oceans, and anticipate and prevent 

 potential conflicts arising out of expanding national interest in the 

 marine environment ; ^ 



(7) Fostering international legal, financial, and political arrange- 

 ments to promote investment in maritime development and facilitate 

 a fruitful partnership between public and private interests in maritime 

 matters ; 



(8) Taking steps to reduce pollution and other activities which 

 could adversely affect the global ecological balance ; 



(9) Cooperating in development of proposals for arms limitations 

 on the seabed and ocean floor; 



(10) Encouraging all nations at a policy level to examine their 

 interests in the ocean and strengthen their capabilities and to partici- 

 pate in multilateral endeavors ; and 



(11) Fostering cooperation among neighboring nations to meet 

 common interests and problems. 



This policy framework reflects the many distinctive contributions that 

 ocean activities can make to U.S. foreign policy goals: enhancing the pros- 

 pects for peace, strengthening the world economy and providing new oppor- 

 tunities for developing nations, promoting regional cohesion, and providing 

 new sources of protein for the expanding world population. It is also con- 

 sistent with the recommendations of the Commission on Marine Science, 



' The following Council contract reports discuss many of the international law 

 considerations of importance to the marine environment: "Law for the Sea's Mineral 

 Resources," "Comments on Fishery Policy and International Law," "International 

 Legal Problems of Scientific Research in the Ocean," "The Role of Marine Sciences 

 in Multiple Use of Lakes Erie and Superior." These and other reports prepared by 

 contractors for the Council are listed in app. C-2. 



182 



