tions of the deep-drilling ship Gloniar Challenger, administered by the 

 National Science Foundation. 



2. The United States participated in the trade exhibit, Oceanology Inter- 

 national '69 in Brighton, England. 



3. United States (ESSA), German and British scientists and ships joined 

 in the successful Atlantic Tradewind Experiment (ATEX) to investigate air 

 and sea interaction in the equatorial Atlantic. 



4. Scientists from several nations participated in the field phase of the 

 major air and sea interaction program of Barbados Oceanographic and 

 Meteorological Experiment (BOMEX), led by ESSA. 



5. The National Oceanographic Data Center (NODC) continued a use- 

 ful exchange of data with the World Data Center system and foreign data 

 centers and international organizations. Over 75 percent of oceanographic 

 stations held by NODC yielding classical physical-chemical data come from 

 foreign sources. 



6. The Navy's harbor survey assistance program (HARSAP) for collect- 

 ing charting data and training nationals in conducting hydrographic surveys 

 and producing charts completed surveys of ports in Costa Rica, the Domini- 

 can Republic, Nicaragua, and El Salvador and continued work in Honduras 

 and Costa Rica; and 



7. The Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, the Scripps Institution of Ocean- 

 ography and the Soviet Far Eastern Seas Fishery Institute cooperatively 

 surveyed Pacific hake populations off the U.S. west coast. 



In 1969, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) pursued 

 several marine science objectives. In addition to the continued activities of 

 the NATO Science Committee's Ad Hoc Study Group on Oceanography, 

 the NATO Ministers in their December meeting in Brussels acknowledged 

 the work in progress on arms control of the seabed and the role the 

 Alliance might play in dealing with common environmental problems of 

 modern societies. They cited the possibility of further cooperation with 

 Warsaw Pact governments in oceanography, which could be pursued bilat- 

 erally, multilaterally or in the framework of existing international bodies. 



Future Opportunities 



International cooperation in the oceans has existed for many years. But 

 the pace and scope of cooperative international activities is increasing. In 

 the years ahead present initiatives will be implemented and new oppor- 

 tunities sought. 



Seabed arms control measures will have to be completed; multilateral 

 development of legal arrangements to prevent conflicts in the ocean and on 

 the seabed must continue; the International Decade of Ocean Exploration 

 must be carried out as a major oceanic exploration and research cooperative 

 program; efforts to provide the benefits of new marine technology for 

 developing nations must be increased; and closer ties between nations in 

 marine science collaboration will have to be forged. The opportunities for 

 international cooperation in the oceans have never been better; the needs 

 for such cooperation have never been greater. 



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