136 THE PORTRAIT GALLERY 



The bulls used in the herd were entirely grade, some purchased 

 in Kansas, but the majority produced in the herd itself. MR. 

 MACKENZIE'S first move was to cull out all inferior cows and 

 to replace the bulls with purebreds. For a number of years 

 he used Hereford, Shorthorn and Aberdeen-Angus bulls, all 

 three, but he gradually increased the proportion of the former 

 until all of the steers marketed were whitefaced. In the later 

 nineties he established a purebred herd from 300 to 350 cows, 

 from which he proposed to breed the extra Hereford bulls he 

 needed. He particularly fancied, the Anxiety blood of GUDGELL 

 & SIMPSON and drew strongly on them as well as on other Mis- 

 souri-Kansas breeders. He adopted a policy of paying about 

 $100 to $250 for bulls for general range service, while he paid 

 as high as $1,000 for sires for the purebred herd. On the 

 average he secured about 150 bulls annually from the pure- 

 bred herd for use on his range cows. The bulls were first put 

 to service when two years old and were turned to the herd in 

 the ratio of one bull to twenty-five cows. 



When MR. MACKENZIE took charge of the herd, the bulk of 

 the steers were of such an inferior nature that they were sold 

 as two-year-olds to the cattlemen of Dakota, Montana and 

 Wyoming to be run as stockers and in part fattened. The 

 returns on such animals were insufficient to pay the costs of 

 production, and it was to meet the demands of the Kansas and 

 Missouri feeders that the grade bulls were replaced by pure- 

 breds. MR. MACKENZIE was really a pioneer in this work and 

 effectively demonstrated not only that purebred cattle were suc- 

 cessful under the conditions of the range, but also that high 

 breeding was by no means necessarily accompanied by unpro- 

 ductiveness. 



On Jan. 1, 1912, he proceeded to Brazil as general manager 

 of the Brazil Land, Cattle & Packing Co. He gathered together 

 one of the greatest herds of range animals under one manage- 



