INDEX TO VOL. II. 



Abaris, the Magician, myth of his expe- 

 ditions and " guiding" arrow, 143. 



Abdurrahman I. (Calif), his promotion of 

 the study of botany, 217. 



Abeken, Rudolph, admirable work by, 

 " Cicero, in his Letters," 31. 



Abelard, 248. 



Abul-IIassan Ali, of Morocco, an Arabian 

 astronomer, 214. 



Abul Wefa, the Almagest of, 222. 



Acosta, Joseph, " Natural and Moral His- 

 tory or the Indies," 259, 266, 280, 281, 

 286, 289, 290. 



Adriaansz, Jacob, his claim to the discov- 

 ery of the telescope discussed, 317-319. 



Adrian (Emperor), 175 ; visit to his vari- 

 ous dominions, 182. 



Adulis, inscription of, 282. 



^Elian, description of the Vale of Tempe, 

 28 j Natural History, 194. 



jEolians. their mental characteristics, 143. 



JEtna, Mount, on the distance at which its 

 eruptions are visible, 135. 136. 



Africa, early colonization of its northern 

 coast, 119-121 ; early circumnavigation, 

 127 j settlements of the Phoenicians, 

 132 ; earliest comparison of the African 

 races with the Arian races and the In- 

 dian aborigines, 165. 



Agathodsemon, 190. 



Agesinax, hypothesis of the marks on the 

 moon's disk, 193. 



Albertus Magnus. 43,91, 229,241, 243 ; his 

 scientific researches and writings, 243, 

 244 ; commendation of, by Dante, 244. 



Albinovanus, Pedo, heroic poem on the 

 deeds of Germanicus, 36. 



albiruni (Arabian mathematician), Histo- 

 ry of India by, 222. 



Alexander the Great, magnitude of the in- 

 flu'nce of his campaigns, 152, 153, 155; 

 their rapidity. 155 ; unity and grandeur 

 of his polity," 154 ; diversity of the coun- 

 tries he traversed, 155, 157; views re- 

 specting Alexandria and Babylon. 171. 



Alexander of Aphrodisius, on distillation 

 of sea-water, 194, 218, 272. 



Alexander VI. (Pope), his "line of de- 

 markation," 277, 278. 



Alexandria, its commercial greatness, 

 171 ; Alexandrian school of philosophy, 

 121 ; its scientific characteristics, 174 ; 

 museum and libraries, 175, 176 ; myth 

 of the burning of its library, 211. 



Alhassen (Alhazen), Arabian geographer, 

 213, 219, 246. 



Alliacus, Cardinal, his " Picture of the 

 World," 246, 247, 268. 



Al-Mamun (Calif), translation of numer- 

 ous works from the Greek, <kc, 215 ; 

 measurement of a degree, 223. 



Alphabets, ancient, investigation of, 141. 



Alphabetical writing, spread of, by the 

 Phcenicians, its powerful influence on 

 civilization and higher results, 128, 129. 



Amber coast, visited by the Phcenicians, 

 its probable locality, 130 ; amber trade, 

 its origin and extension, 131, 132. 



Amenemha III. formed Lake Mceris, 124. 



America, discovery of, its influence on 

 men's imaginations, 64, 65, 260 ; on the 

 physical and mathematical sciences, 

 200, 201, 238-241, 273-301 ; accidental 

 discovery by the Northmen, 230, 231 ; 

 dates of its discovery by the Spaniards 

 and Portuguese, 264-267 ; supposed dis- 

 covery by Madoc, 235, 236 ; important 

 results of trivial circumstances in its 

 discovery, 262, 263 ; its discoverers and 

 adyenturers, Amerigo Vespucci, 239- 

 301 ; Balboa, 266-270, 271 ; Columbus, 

 260-285 ; Cortez, 270, 271, 296 ; Gama, 

 263 ; accidents which led to the naming 

 of America, 297-301. 



Anghiera, correspondence and writings 

 of, 66, 260, 269, 282, 284-286, 298. 



Anglo-Saxon poem on the names of the 

 Runes, 47. 



Animal Epos (the German), its genuine 

 delight in nature, 47, 48. 



Antar, early Bedouin poem, 60, 61. 



Antoninus, Marcus Aurelius, his embassy 

 to China, 187. 



Apollonius Myndius on comets, 167. 



Apollonius ofPerga, 179, 315; similarity 

 of his " System of the World" to that 

 of Tycho Brahe, 312, 313. 



Apuleius, his conjectures on fossils, 189, 

 195. 



Aquinas (St. Thomas), 244. 



Arabian Gulf, its geognostic phenomena, 

 123. 



Arabs, their poetry, in relation to nature, 

 60 ; its characteristics, 61 ; influence of 

 their invasions on the advancement of 

 the physical and mathematical sciences, 

 200-228, 241-244 ; their incursions, com- 

 merce, <fcc, 203; configuration of Ara- 

 bia and its natural productions, 204, 205; 

 their nomadic life as compared with 

 that of the Scythians, 207, 208 ; inter- 

 course with the Nestorians, 208 ; their 

 knowledge of botany and the science of 

 medicine, 210, 211 ; scientific qualifica- 

 tions, 212, 213 ; their geographers, 213- 

 215 ; repugnance to anatomy, 214, 215 ; 



