300 



COSMOS. 



Creuzer on the " Adonis Gardens" of the 

 ancients, 92. 



Crusades, slightness of their influence on 

 the Minnesingers, 47. 



Ctesias, his account of an Tndian spring, 

 138; on the relations between lightning 

 and conducting metals, 140; on India, 

 154, 156. 158. 



Ctesibus, hydraulic clock of, 179, 220. 



Curtius, fine natural picture in his writ- 

 ings, 36. 



Cuss, Nicholas de, a German cardinal, re- 

 vived the doctrine of the Earth's rota- 

 tion on its axis, and translation in space, 

 109. 



Cuvier, his life of Aristotle, 160-162; on 

 the scientific merits of Frederic II., 244 ; 

 piilreontological researches, 348. 



Cuyp, his landscapes, 89. 



Dante, "southern stars," quotation, 20; 

 instances of his deep sensibility to the 

 charms of nature, 63 ; notices in his po- 

 etryon Aristotle, 160; on Albertus 

 Magnus, 244 ; on the magnetic needle, 

 254 ; on the constellation of the South- 

 ern Cross, 288-290. 



Darwin, Charles, vivid pictures in his 

 writings, 80. 



Delille, his poems on nature, 80. 



Dschayadeva, Indian poet, his " Gitago- 

 vinda," 53. 54. 



Diaz, Bartholomew, his discovery of the 

 Cape of Good Hope, 252. 



Dicaearchus, diaphragm of, 152, 177. 



Dicuil, Irish monk, his work "De Mensu- 

 tA Orbis Terrae," 235. 



Diodorus on the Gardens of Semiramis, 

 101 ; praise of the Etruscans, 140. 



Diophantus, the arithmetician and alge- 

 braist, 183, 187. 224. 



Dioscorides of Cilicia, botanical investiga- 

 tions of, 182, 194, 195, 204, 210. 



Distillation of a fluid, first mention of, 

 102. 



Dorians, their mental characteristics, 143 ; 

 migrations, 148-150. 



Drnmmond'8 incandescent lime-ball, 325. 



Dscheber (Djaber), Arabian chemist, 209, 

 218. 



Duran, D. Augustiu, his Romancero, 72. 



Ebn-Junis, first employed a pendulum to 

 measure time, 219, 220; his astronom- 

 ical observations, 222, 223. 



Eckhout, his large pictures of tropical 

 productions, 92. 



Eginhard on the Arabian clock sent to 

 Charlemagne, 220. 



Esypt, its chronological data, 114, 115, 

 123-128: civilization, 125-128; monu- 

 ments of its kings, 124 ; victories and 

 distant expeditions of Rameses Mia- 

 moun, 124-126 ; Egyptian navigation, 

 125-128 ; foundation of a permanent 

 foreign commerce introduced with 

 Greek hired troops, and its results, 127, 

 128, 138 ; its greatness under the Ptol- 

 emies. 170, 179; intercourse with dis- 

 tant countries, 171-174. 



Ehrenberg on the incense and myrrh of 

 Arabia, 204, 205. 



Elcano. Sebastian de, completed the first 

 circumnavigation of the globe after the 

 death of Magellan, 270. 



Electrical science, gradual dawn cf, 341- 

 344. 

 ; Elephants, African and Indian, 174 ; im- 

 mense armies of, 174. 

 1 El-Istachri, Arabian geographer, 213. 



Elliptic movement of the planets, discov- 

 ery of, 314-317. 



Elmo, St., fire of, 69. 



Elysium, or "Islands of the Blessed" of 

 the ancients, 134. 

 ' Empedocles, his poems " on Nature," 24. 

 ; Encke, Professor, on the distance at which 

 I eruptions of jEtna are visible, 136. 

 i Encyclopaedic scientific works of the Mid- 

 dle Ages, 246. 



Epochs, early comparisons of, among civ- 

 ilized nations, 114, 115. 

 | Epochs, great, in the advancement of hu- 

 man knowledge, 303, 316. 



Equatorial current, first described by Co- 

 lumbus, 283, 284. 

 ! Eratosthenes, 152, 154, 156, 188; on the 

 number of peninsulas in the Mediterra- 

 nean, 120 ; his geographical labors, 176, 

 177 ; conjecture of the equal level of the 

 whole external sea, 177 ; measurement 

 of degrees, 177 ; enlarged physical and 

 geognostic opinions, 176-178, 196. 



Eicilla, Don Alonso de, his Epic poem 

 " Araucana," 71, 72, 266, 285. 



Eric Upsi, first bishop of Greenland, 232. 



Etruscans, the, their inland traffic, 139 ; 

 influence of their character on Rome, 

 and her political institutions. 139 ; their 

 notice of the meteorological processes 

 of nature, 139, 140. 



Euclid, 179. 



Eudoxus. his attempted circumnaviga- 

 tion of Cyzicus, 127. 



Euripides, picturesque descriptions of na- 

 ture in his writings, 25, 26 ; prophecy 

 in the chorus of his Medea, 182- 



Eutocius, method of. See Numerals. 



Everdingen, his landscapes, 89, 96. 



Eyck, Hubert and Johann van, landscapes 

 in their paintings, 87. 



Fabricius, Johnnn, first observed the solar 

 spots, 324, 325. 



Falero, Ruy, Portuguese astronomer, 293. 



Faraday, investigations on dia-magnetic 

 substances, 334, 335; discovery of the 

 evolution of liaht by magnetic force, 

 336. 343. 



Ferdinandea, volcanic island of, 120. 



Finnish tribes, their poetry, in relation to 

 nature, 56. 



Firdusi, Persian poet, 55 j myth of the or- 

 igin of the cypress in Paradise, 101. 



Flemming, Paul, old German poet, 76, 77. 



Forster's ' Delineations of the South Sea 

 Islands," its ett'ect on the author"s mind, 

 20 ; -his translation of Sacontala, 50 ; his 

 merits as a writer, 80. 



Frederic II. of Hohenstaufen, letter of, to 



