70 COSMOS 



From the Italian school of philosophy, the expression pas* 

 ed, in this signification, into the language of those early poets 



into three part*, tin* Olympus, Cosmos, and Ountnos (Stob., i., p. 488. 

 Philolatts, p. 9-1, -(>-) ; this division applies to the different regions sur 

 rotuidiim tliat mysterious focus of the universe, the 'Earia TOV navT6[ 

 of the Pythagoreans. In the fiagraeutary passage in which this divi 

 ion is found, the term Ouranos designates the innermost region, situ- 

 ated between the moon and earth; this is the domain of changing 

 .hings. The middle region, where the planets circulate in an invaria- 

 ole and harmonious order, is, in accordance with the special concep- 

 tions entertained of the universe, exclusively termed Cosmos, while the 

 word Olympus is used to express the exterior or igneous region. Bopp, 

 the p/ofound philologist, has remarked, that we may deduce, as Pott 

 lias done, Etymol. Forschungen, th. i., s. 39 and 252 (Elymol. Research- 

 es), the word Ko<r/uof from the Sanscrit root 'gud', purificari, by assum- 

 ing two conditions; first, that the Greek K in nocftog comes from the 

 palatial c, which Bopp represents by 's and Pott by f (in the same man- 

 ner as (Je/ca, deccm, taihun in Gothic, comes from the Indian word da- 

 tan), and, next, that the Indian d 1 corresponds, as a general rule, with 

 the Greek 6 ( Verglcichende GrammatiJe, $ 99 Comparative Grammar), 

 which shows the relation of noa/to? (for /co^uof) with the Sanscrit root 

 l sud\ whence is also derived Kadapoc. Another Indian term for the 

 world is gagat (pronounced dschagaf), which is, properly speaking, the 

 present participle of the verb gagdmi (I go), the root of which is gd. 

 In restricting ourselves to the circle of Hellenic etymologies, we find 

 (Etymol. M., p. 532, 12) that /cdcr/zof is intimately associated with Ku'fw, 

 or rather with Kaivvpat, whence we have Kenaopevoc or Kcnafyvoc. 

 Welcker (Line Kretische Col. in Theben, s. 23 A Cretan Colony in 

 Thebes) combines with this the name Kud//of, as in Hesychius Kudpoc 

 signifies a Cretan suit of arms. When the scientific language of Greece 

 was introduced among the Romans, the word mundus, which at first had 

 only the primary meaning of /coo/zof (female ornament), was applied to 

 designate the entire universe. Ennius seems to have been the first 

 who ventured upon this innovation. In one of the fragments of this 

 poet, preserved by Macrobius, on the occasion of his quarrel with Vir- 

 gil, we find the word used in its novel mode of acceptation : " Mundus 

 cccli vastus conslitit silentio" (Sat., vi.,2). Cicero also says, "Qvem nos 

 hicrntcm mundum vocamus" (Timzeus, S. dc Univcr., cap. x.). The 

 I -ril root mand, from which Pott derives the Latin mtindus (Etym. 

 Forsch., th. i., s. 240), combines the double signification of shining and 

 adorning. Loka designates in Sanscrit the world and people in general, 

 in the same manner as the French word monde, and is derived, accord- 

 ing to Bopp, from luk (to see and shine); it is the same with the Scla 

 vouic root ntyct, which means both light and world. (Grimm, Deufsch* 

 Gramm., b. iii., s. 304 German Grammar.) The word teelt, which 

 the Germans make use of at the present day, and which was toeralt in 

 old German, worold in old Saxon, and vSruld in Ang lo-Saxon, was, ac- 

 cording to James Grimm's interpretation, a period of time, an age (ste- 

 cnhtm), rather than a term used for the world in space. The Etruscans 

 vd to themselves mundnt as an inverted dome, symmetrically op. 

 posed to the celestial vault (Otfried Mtiller's Elrusken, th. ii., s. 96, 

 &c.). Taken in a still more limited sense, the word appears to hava 

 tifcl among the Goths the terrestrial surface girded by seas (rr.arei, 

 ), tho mcrigard, literally, garden of seas. 



