390 COSMOS. 



16,000 feet high, though somewhat lower(*) than the latter. 

 Mount Hood was ascended in August, 1853, by Lake, Tra- 

 vaillot, and Heller. 



Mount Swalahos, or Saddle Hill, S-S.E. of Astoria,! with 

 a fallen in, extinct crater. 



Mount St. Helen's,* north of the Columbia River (lat. 

 46 12'); according to Dana, not less than 15,000 feet 

 high.J Still burning, and always smoking from the sum- 

 mit crater. A volcano of very beautiful, regular, conical 

 form, and covered with perpetual snow. There was a 

 great eruption on the 23d of November, 1842 ; which, ac- 

 cording to Fremont, covered every thing to a great distance 

 round with ashes and pumice. 



Mount Adams (lat. 46 a 18 / ), almost exactly east of the 

 volcano of St. Helen's, more than 112 geographical miles 

 distant from the coast, if it be true that the last-named 

 and still active mountain is only 76 of those miles inland. 



Mount Regnier,* also written Mount Rainier (lat.- 46 

 48'), E.S.E. of Fort Nisqually, on Puget's Sound, which is 

 connected with the Fuca Strait. A burning volcano ; ac- 

 cording to Edwin Johnson's road-map of 1854, 12,330 feet 

 high. It experienced severe eruptions in 1841 and 1843. 



Mount Olympus (lat. 47 50'), only 24 geographical miles 

 south of the Strait of San Juan de Fuca, long so famous in 

 the history of the South Sea discoveries. 



Mount Baker,* a large and still active volcano, situated 

 in the territory of Washington (lat, 48 48'), of great (un- 

 measured ?) height (not yet determined), and regular conic- 

 al form. 



Mount Brown (16,000 feet ?) and, a little more to the 

 east, Mount Hooker (16,750 feet?), arc cited by Johnson 



(*) Dana (p. 615 and 640) estimated the volcano of St. Helen's at 16,000 

 feet, and Mount Hood, of course, under that height, while according to 

 others Mount Hood is said to attain the great height of 18,316 feet, 

 which is 2521 feet higher than the summit of Mont Blanc, and 4730 

 feet higher than Fremont's Peak, in the Rocky Mountains. Accord- 

 ing to this estimate (Langrebe, Naturgeschichte der Vulkane, bd. i., s. 

 497), Mount Hood would be only 571 feet lower than the volcano Co- 

 topaxi ; on the other hand, Mount Hood, according to Dana, exceeds 

 the highest summit of the Rocky Mountains by 2586 feet at the utmost. 

 I am always desirous of drawing attention to vanantes kctiones such as 

 these. 



f Dana, Geology of the United States Exploring Expedition, p. 640 and 

 643-645. 



J Variously estimated previously at 10,178 feet by Wilkes, and 13,535 

 feet by Simpson. 



