MANNER OF DEVELOPMENT. 31 



animals. Brehm especially insists that each individual 

 monkey of those which he kept tame in Africa had its own 

 peculiar disposition and tamper: he mentions one baboon 

 remarkable for its high intelligence; and the keepere in the 

 Zoological Gardens pointed out to me a monkey, belonging 

 to the New World division, equally remarkable for intelli- 

 gence. Rengger, also, insists on the diversity in the vari- 

 ous mental characters of the monkeys of the same species 

 which he kept in Paraguay; and this diversity, as he adds, 

 is partly innate, and partly the result of the manner in 

 which they have been treated or educated.* 



I have elsewhere f so fully discussed the subject of In- 

 heritance, that I need here add hardly any thing. A 

 greater number of facts have been collected with respect to 

 the transmission of the most tiifling, as well as of the most 

 important characters in man, than in any of the lower ani- 

 mals; though the facts are copious enough with respect to 

 the latter. So in regard to mental qualities, their trans- 

 mission is manifest in our dogs, horses, and other domestic 

 animals. Besides special tastes and habits, general intelli- 

 gence, courage, bad and good temper, etc., are certainly 

 transmitted. With man we see similar facts in almost 

 every family ; and we now know, through the admirable 

 labors of Mr. GaltonJ that genius which implies a wonder- 

 fully complex combination of high faculties, tends to be 

 inherited; and, on the other hand, it is too certain that in- 

 sanity and deteriorated mental powers likewise run in 

 families. 



With respect to the causes of variability, we are in all 

 cases very ignorant; but we can see that in man as in the 

 lower animals, they stand in some relation te the conditions 

 to which each species has been exposed during several gen- 

 erations. Domesticated animals vary more than those in a 

 state of nature; and this is apparenth' due te the diversified 

 and changing nature of the conditions to which they have 

 been subjected. In this resi:>ect the different races of man 



* Brehm, " Thierleben," B, i, s. 58, 87. Rengger, ** Saugethiere 

 von Paraguay," s. 57. 



f "Variation of Animals and Plants under Domestication," vol. ii, 

 chap. xii. 



1 " Hereditary Genius: an Inquiry into its Laws and Conse- 

 quences," 1869. 



