MENTAL POWERS. 79 



touching instances of maternal affection, related so often 

 of the women of all nations and of the females of all ani- 

 mals, can doubt that the principle of action is tlie same in 

 the two cases?" We see maternal affection exhibited in 

 the most trifling details; thus, Rengger observed an Ameri- 

 can monkey (a Cebus) carefully driving away the flies 

 Avhich plagued her infant; and Duvaucel saw a H^dobates 

 washing the faces of her young ones in a stream. So in- 

 tense is the grief of female monkeys for the loss of their 

 young that it invariably caused the death of certain kinds 

 kept under confinement by Brehm in N. Africa. Orphan 

 monkeys were always adopted and carefully guarded by the 

 other monkeys, both males and females. One female' 

 baboon had so capacious a heart that she not only adopted 

 young monkeys of other species, but stole young dogs and 

 cats, which she continually carried about. Her kindness, 

 however, did not go so far as to share her food with her 

 adopted offspring, at which Brehm was surprised, as his 

 monke5's always divided everything quite fairly with their 

 own young ones. An adopted kitten scratched this affec- 

 tionate baboon, who certainly had a fine intellect, for she was 

 much astonished at being scratched, and immediately exam- 

 ined the kit ten's feet, and without more ado bit off the claws.* 

 In the Zoological Gardens I heard from the keeper that an 

 old baboon {C. cliacma) had adopted a Rhesus monkey; but 

 when a young drill and mandrill were placed in the cage 

 she seemed to perceive that these monkeys, though distinct 

 species, were her nearer relatives, for she at once rejected 

 the Rhesus and adopted both of them. The young Rhesus, 

 as I saw, was greatly discontented at being thus rejected, 

 and it would, like a naughty child, annoy and attack the 

 young drill and mandrill whenever it could do so with 

 safety; this conduct exciting great indignation in the old 

 baboon. Monkeys will also, according to Brehm, defend 

 their master when attacked by any one, as well as dogs to 

 wiiom they are attached, from the attacks of other dogs. 

 But we here trench on the subjects of sympathy and fidel- 

 ity, to which I shall recur. Some of Brehm's monkeys 



* A critic, without any grounds (" Quarterly Review," July, 1871, 

 p. 72), disputes the possibility of this act as described by Brehm, for 

 the sake of discrediting my work. Therefore I tried, and found that 

 I could readily seize with my own teeth the sharp little claws of a 

 kitten nearly five weeks old. 



