80 THE DESCENT OF MAN. 



took much delight in teasing a certain old dog whom they 

 disliked, as well as other animals, in various ingenious ways. 



Most of the more complex emotions are common to the 

 higher animals and ourselves. Every one has seen how 

 jealous a dog is of his master's affection if lavished on any 

 other creature; and I have observed the same fact with 

 monkeys. This shows that animals not only love, hut have 

 a desire to be loved. Animals manifestly feel emulation. 

 They love approbation or praise; and a dog carrying a bas- 

 ket for his master exhibits in a high degree self-complac- 

 ency or pride. There can, I think, be no doubt that a dog 

 feels shame, as distinct from fear, and something very like 

 modesty when begging too often for food. A great dog 

 scorns the snarling of a little dog, and this may be called 

 magnanimity. Several observers have stated that monkeys 

 certainly dislike being laughed at; and they sometimes in- 

 vent imaginary offenses. In the Zoological Gardens I saw 

 a baboon who always got into a furious rage when his keeper 

 took out a letter or book and read it aloud to him; and his 

 rage was so violent that, as I witnessed on one occasion, he 

 bit his own leg till the blood flowed. Dogs show what may 

 be fairly called a sense of humor as distinct from mere play; 

 if a bit of stick or other such object be thrown to one, he 

 will often carry it away for a short distance ; and then 

 squatting down with it on the ground close before him, will 

 wait until his master comes quite close to take it away. 

 The dog will then seize it and rush away in triumph, re- 

 peating the same maneuver, and evidently enjoying the 

 practical joke. 



We will now turn to the more intellectual emotions and 

 faculties, which are very important, as forming the basis 

 for the development of the higher mental powers. Animals 

 manifestly enjoy excitement, and suff'er from ennui, as may 

 be seen with dogs, and, according to Rengger, with mon- 

 keys. All animals feel Wonder and many exhibit Curiosity. 

 They sometimes suffer from this latter quality, as when 

 the hunter plays antics and thus attracts them; I have wit- 

 nessed this with deer, and so it is with the wary chamois, 

 and with some kinds of wild-ducks. Brehm gives a curious 

 account of the instinctive dread, which his monkeys exhib- 

 ited, for snakes; but their curiosity was so great that they 

 could not desist from occasionally satiating their horror 

 in a most human fashion by lifting up the lid of the box 



