144 THE DESCENT OF MAN, 



CHAPTER V. 



ON" THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE INTELLECTUAL AND 



MORAL FACULTIES DURING PRIMEVAL AND 



CIVILIZED TIMES. 



Advancement of the intellectual powers through natural selection 

 Importance of imitation Social and moral faculties Their 

 development within the limits of the same tribe Natur al 

 selectio n as affecting civilized nations Evidence that civilized 

 nations were once bafbarous. 



The subjects to be discussed in this chapter are of the 

 highest interest, but are treated by me in an imperfect and 

 fragmentary manner. Mr. Wallace, in an admirable paper 

 before referred to,* argues that man, after he had partially 

 acquired those intellectual and moral faculties which dis- 

 tinguish him from the lower animals, would have been but 

 little liable to bodily modifications through natural selec- 

 tion or any other means. For man is enabled through his 

 mental faculties '' to keep with an unchanged body in har- 

 mony with the changing universe."^ He has great power 

 of adapting his habits to new conditions of life. He 

 invents weapons, tools, and various stratagems to procure 

 food and to defend himself. When he migrates into a 

 colder climate he uses clothes, builds sheds, and makes 

 fires; and by the aid of fire cooks food otherwise indigesti- 

 ble. He aids his fellow-men in many ways, and anticipates 

 future events. Even at a remote period he practiced some 

 division of labor. 



The lower animals, on the other hand, must have their 

 bodily structure modified in order to survive under greatly 

 changed conditions. They must be rendered stronger, or 

 acquire more eifective teeth or claws, for defense against 

 new enemies; or they must be reduced in size, so as to 



* "Anthropological Review," May, 1864, p. 158. 



