AFFINITIES AND GENEALOGY. I7I 



the higher mammals; and this agreement must depend on 

 our close similarity in minute structure and chemical com- 

 position. I gave, as instances, our liability to the same dis- 

 eases and to the attacks of allied parasites; our tastes in 

 common for the same stimulants, and the similar effects 

 produced by them, as well as by various drugs, and other 

 such facts. 



As small, unimportant points of resemblance between 

 man and the Quadrumana are not commonly noticed in 

 systematic works, and as, when numerous, they clearly 

 reveal our relationship, I will specify a few such points. 

 The relative position of our features is manifestly the same; 

 and the various emotions are displayed by nearly similar 

 movements of the muscles and skin, chiefly above the eye- 

 brows and round the mouth. Some few expressions are, 

 indeed, almost the same, as in the weeping of certain kinds 

 of monkeys and in the laughing noise made by others, 

 during which the corners of the mouth are drawn back- 

 ward and the lower eye-lids wrinkled. The external ears 

 are curiously alike. In man the nose is much more prom- 

 inent than in most monkeys; but we may trace the com- 

 mencement of an aquiline curvature in the nose of the 

 Hoolock Gibbon; and this in the Seinnopithecus nasica is 

 carried to a ridiculous extreme. 



The faces of many monkeys are ornamented with beards, 

 whiskers, or mustaches. The hair on the head grows to 

 a great length in some species of Semnopithecus ; * and 

 in the Bonnet monkey (Macacus radiatus) it radiates from 

 a point on the crown, with a parting down the middle. It 

 is commonly said that the forehead gives to man his noble 

 and intellectual appearance; but the thick hair on the head 

 of the Bonnet monkey terminates downward abruptly, and 

 is succeeded by hair so short and fine that at a little dis- 

 tance the forehead, with the exception of the eyebrows, 

 appears quite naked. It has been erroneously asserted that 

 eyebrows are not present in any monkey. In the species 

 just named the degree of nakedness of the forehead differs in 

 different individuals; and Eschrichtf states that in our chil- 

 dren the limit between the hairy scalp and the naked fore- 

 head is sometimes not well defined; so that here we seem 



*lsid. Geoffroy, "Hist. Nat. Gen.," torn, ii, 1859, p. 217. 

 f Ueber die Ricbtiing der Haare," etc, Miiller's "Archiv. fUr 

 Anat. und Phys.," 1837, s. 51. 



