8BC0NDAR Y SKXUA L CHA RA CTERS. 6H3 



changed in New Zealand, perhaps owing to the presence of 

 Europeans, and I am assured that beards are now admired 

 by the Maories/'* 



On the other hand, bearded races admire and greatly 

 value their beards; among the Anglo-Saxons every part of 

 the body had a recognized value; *^the loss of the beard 

 being estimated at twenty shillings, while the breaking of 

 a thigh was fixed at only twelve."! ^^ ^^^ ^^st men swear 

 solemnly by their beards. We have seen that Chinsurdi, 

 the chief of the Makalolo in Africa, thought that beards 

 were a great ornament. In the Pacific the Fijian^s beard 

 is " profuse and bushy, and is his gi*eatest pride;" while 

 the inhabitants of the adjacent archipelagoes of Tonga and 

 Samoa are beardless and abhor a rough chin." In one 

 island alone of tlie Ellice group *^the men are heavily 

 bearded, and not a little proud thereof." I 



We thus see how widely the different races of man differ 

 in their taste for the beautiful. In every nation sufficiently 

 advanced to have made effigies of their gods or of their 

 deified rulers, the sculptors no doubt have endeavored to ex- 

 press their highest ideal of beauty and grandeur. Under 

 this point of view it is well to compare in our mind the 

 Jupiter or Apollo of the Greeks with the Egyptian or 

 Assyrian statues; and these with the hideous bas-reliefs 

 on the ruined buildings of Central America. 



I have met with very few statements opposed to this 

 conclusion. Mr. Win wood Reade, however, who has had 

 ample opportunities for observation, not only with the 

 negroes of the west coast of Africa, but with those of the 

 interior who have never associated with Europeans, is con- 

 vinced that their ideas of beauty are, on the whole, the same 

 as ours; and Dr. Rohlfs writes to me to the same effect 



*0n the Siamese, Prichard, ibid, vol. iv, p. 533. On the Japanese, 

 Veitch in " Gardeners' Chronicle," 1860, p. 1104. On the New Zeal- 

 anders, Mantegazza, "Viaggi e Studi," 1867, p. 526. For the other 

 nations mentioned, eee references in Lawrence, " Lectures on Physi- 

 ology," etc., 1822, p. 272. 



f Lubbock, "Origin of avilization," 1870, p. 321. 



X Dr. Barnard Davis quotes Mr. Prichard and others for these facts 

 in regard to the Polynesians, in " Anthropological Review," April, 

 1870, pp. 185, 191. 



Ch. Comte has remarks to this effect in bis " Traite de Legisla- 

 tion," 3d edit., 1837, p. 136. 



