GLOSSARY 



Barrier. The immense sheet of ice, over 400 miles wide and 



of still greater length, which lies south of Ross Island to 



the west of Victoria Land. 

 Brash. Small ice fragments from a floe that is breaking up. 

 Drift. Snow swept from the ground like dust and driven before 



the wind. 

 Finnesko. Fur boots. 



Flense, flence. To cut the blubber from a skin or carcase. 

 Frost smoke. A mist of water vapour above the open leads, 



condensed by the severe cold. 

 Hoosh. A thick camp soup with a basis of pemmican. 

 Ice-foot. Properly the low fringe of ice formed about Polar 



lands by the sea spray. More widely, the banks of ice of 



varying height which skirt many parts of the Antarctic 



shores. 

 Piedmont. Coastwise stretches of the ancient ice sheet which 



once covered the Antarctic Continent, remaining either on 



the land, or wholly or partially afloat. 

 Pram. A Norwegian skiff, with a spoon bow. 

 Primus. A portable stove for cooking. 



Ramp. A great embankment of morainic material with ice be- 

 neath, once part of the glacier, on the lowest slopes of 



Erebus at the landward end of C. Evans. 

 Saennegras. A kind of fine Norwegian hay, used as packing in 



the finnesko to keep the feet warm and to make the fur 



boot fit firmly. 

 Sastrugus. An irregularity formed by the wind on a snowplain. 



1 Snow wave ' is not completely descriptive, as the sastrugus 



has often a fantastic shape unlike the ordinary conception 



of a wave. 

 Skua. A large gull. 

 Working crack. An open crack which leaves the ice free to 



move with the movement of the water beneath. 



