i9io] NICKNAMES 31 



Saw two sea leopards this evening, one in the water making 

 short, lazy dives under the floes. It had a beautiful sinuous 

 movement. 



I have asked Pennell to prepare a map of the pack; it 

 ought to give some idea of the origin of the various forms 

 of floes, and their general drift. I am much inclined to think 

 that most of the pressure ridges are formed by the passage 

 of bergs through the comparatively young ice. I imagine that 

 when the sea freezes very solid it carries bergs with it, but 

 obviously the enormous mass of a berg would need a great 

 deal of stopping. In support of this view I notice that most of 

 the pressure ridges are formed by pieces of a sheet which did 

 not exceed one or two feet in thickness also it seems that the 

 screwed ice which we have passed has occurred mostly in the 

 regions of bergs. On one side of the tabular berg passed yes- 

 terday pressure was heaped to a height of 15 feet it was like 

 a ship's bow wave on a large scale. Yesterday there were many 

 bergs and much pressure; last night no bergs and practically 

 no pressure; this morning few bergs and comparatively little 

 pressure. It goes to show that the unconfined pack of these 

 seas would not be likely to give a ship a severe squeeze. 



Saw a young Emperor this morning, and whilst trying to 

 capture it one of Wilson's new whales with the sabre dorsal fin 

 rose close to the ship. I estimated this fin to be 4 feet high. 



It is pretty to see the snow petrel and Antarctic petrel diving 

 on to the upturned and flooded floes. The wash of water 

 sweeps the Euphausia * across such submerged ice. The An- 

 tarctic petrel has a pretty crouching attitude. 



Notes on Nicknames 



Evans Teddy 



Wilson Bill, Uncle Bill, Uncle 



Simpson Sunny Jim 



Ponting Ponco 



Meares 



Day 



Campbell .... The Mate, Mr. Mate 



Pennell Penelope 



* A species of shrimp on which the seabirds feed. 



