HOG-CHOLERA. 49 



which does not seem to have been hitherto observed, was the impli- 

 cation of the bristle-follicles. 



Intestines. — Sections through those portions of the intestines 

 which are merely congested and reddened, but without ulceration, 

 show stagnation and blocking of the capillaries of the mucosa and 

 sub-mucosa, with thickening and softening of the tissues, especially 

 of the epithelium. This last contains a great excess of granules, 

 and aggregations of the same into cell-forms, while the epithelial 

 cells are reduced in size and contain enlarged nuclei. As has been 

 pointed out by Klein, the degeneration is often the greatest around 

 the openings of the crypts of Lieberkuhn, and in their interior, 

 while their cavities are frequently filled with extra vasated blood. 

 Aside from the above one frequently finds lymphoid and migrated 

 blood-cells, haematine crystals, and micrococci. 



The ulcers, with a central slough, present at their base the same 

 characteristics as the congested mucous membrane. The slough is 

 mainly composed of small nucleated cells and granules, and mi- 

 crococci. 



Lymphatic Glands. — The obstruction of the capillaries and ex- 

 travasation of blood are most common in the cortical portion of the 

 gland ; when the medullary portion is complicated, the extravasated 

 blood is oftenest met with in the lymph-channels and inter-stromatous 

 spaces, while the parenchyma seems to escape. The cellular changes 

 are most marked in the protracted cases of the disease. 



Organs of Respiration. — The characteristic lesion of the lungs 

 is lobular pneumonia ; the exudation being most abundant in the 

 interlobular connective tissues, and is often of a dark color on ac- 

 count of the presence of red blood-cells. A microscopic section 

 transverse to the bronchioli and alveoli reveals the presence of an 

 exudation containing a large number of round lymphoid cells, gran- 

 ules, and in the alveoli similar accumulations. 



Kidneys. — Clouded swelling of the cortical, with consequent 

 hypersemia of the medullary, substance. 



Blood. — In most cases no changes were to be observed except 

 the presence of numerous bacteria. No such organisms were to be 

 found in the blood of a healthy pig. 



Diagnosis. — From the foregoing detailed description of the 

 phenomena of this disease, it is evident that there is but little 

 difficulty in its correct recognition, especially when appearing in a 

 number of swine at the same time. 



Prognosis. — This is always unfavorable, for even though indi- 

 viduals may survive the attack, still the ravages of the disease are 

 4 



