INFECTION. 113 



pressed, or they may be apparently quite well and ruminate, and 

 take to feeding. 



The pulse is increased to double its normal rapidity ; the tem- 

 perature rises from 41° to 41 -7° C. The excrements are frequently 

 tinged with dark blood, or are bloody and diarrhoea-like. 



These symptoms are not constant, but are interrupted by remis- 

 sions, which may continue from six to twenty-four hours, during 

 which the animals often appear as if quite well again. 



Aside from the apoplectic and acute forms of the disease, we 

 have a subacute and exanthematic form, in which we meet with a 

 carbunculous and erysipelatous tumefaction distributed over differ- 

 ent parts of the organism, especially on the posterior extremities. 

 These tumefactions are generally hot, and more or less painful. The 

 general habitus of the animal seems to suffer but little change. Re- 

 sorption of the exudations soon begins, and it is not \erj frequent 

 that we meet with excoriation and ulceration. 



From sixty to seventy per cent of the cases of anthrax in horses 

 and cattle end fatally, and are characterized by the above-mentioned 

 phenomena — dyspnoea, cyanotic condition of the different mucosae, 

 opisthotonic condition of a variable intensity, spasms of the musculi 

 palpebrarum, so that we can only see the whites of the eyes ; the 

 animals become extremely weak and are unable to stand ; the tem- 

 perature falls below normal ; the extremities become cold, the pupils 

 distended, and death appears, under the phenomena of asphyxia, in 

 from twenty-four to forty hours from the first appearance of the 

 disease. 



In favorable cases, the recovery is very rapid. The carbuncular 

 formations in the cutis are much less frequently met with in cattle 

 than horses ; otherwise, the symptoms of the disease among horses 

 offer no essential differentiation from cattle. 



The intra-vital phenomena of anthrax in the smaller domestic 

 animals are far less distinctly marked ; however, we meet with con- 

 vulsive phenomena, dyspnoea, and mydriasis. 



Pathological Anatomy. 



The pathological anatomy of anthrax shows no essential differ- 

 entiation among the bovine or equine species. In cattle which have 

 perished during or of the disease in its acute or apoplectic form, we 

 find the blood of a black-red color, thick and tar-like, and without 

 the ability to coagulate. The blood has the same character during 

 the intra-vital progress of the disease ; the entire venous system is 

 congested ; the ingesta are frequently mixed with extra vasated blood ; 



