THE HORSE. 167 



charge from the left nostril gave negative results. Three others 

 made in the same manner with thread saturated with material 

 directly from the ulcerated surface of the supernasal parts, gave 

 positive results. 



This shows that even inoculative experiments are not always 

 to be depended upon. 



Case II. — Chronic Glanders. — This case is still more interesting 

 and has much more practical value, as it illustrates perfectly how 

 one horse can be the means of infecting others, and yet not excite 

 attention to itself for a long time. This horse had been in the pos- 

 session of its owner for over two years anterior to the time it was 

 brought to the Munich clinic ; two years before this time glanders 

 had appeared in the man's stables, and one horse was killed on that 

 account, the others being quarantined. These quarantined animals 

 — among them was a somewhat wind-broken but otherwise appar- 

 ently healthy work-horse — were declared to be free from the dis- 

 ease at the expiration of the time fixed by law. No other horse 

 was bought in the mean time to take the place of the one killed. 



In February, 1878, the mate of the above-mentioned wind-broken 

 horse died from pneumonia, but at the autopsy it was found to be 

 diseased with chronic glanders. 



" Upon this an active veterinary inspection of the animals in the 

 stable again took place. The wind-broken horse — which had a very 

 insignificant swelling of the left intermaxillary gland, and a slight 

 pellucid, viscid nasal discharge — was isolated from the others. As, 

 however, after six weeks' careful quarantine, no further symptoms 

 appeared among the other horses, they were declared free, the above- 

 mentioned horse still being quarantined." * 



Friedberger, who makes the report, had this horse a long time 

 under observation ; he says as follows : " Status jpraisens. The highly 

 wind-broken horse was in a comparatively good condition, feverless, 

 good appetite and spirit ; but the hair did not have the same luster 

 as that of the other horses in the stable. The left intermaxillary 

 glands were somewhat swollen, attached but slightly to surrounding 

 tissues, and evinced no tenderness on pressure. From both nostrils 

 flowed a clear, viscid fluid, the discharge not being at all constant 

 in quantity, but in general more profuse from the left than right. 

 Nothing suspicious could be seen in the nose by the ordinary method 

 of examination." 



" The first diagnostic aid to which I resorted was the endeavor 



* Ibid., Zweites Supplement, 1879. 



