THE HORSE. 179 



Renault and Bouley injected pus into the jugular vein of a horse, 

 supposed to be healthy. On the sixth day pustules were observed 

 to develop in the nose, and soon afterward ulcers. Death resulted 

 in eight days. The autopsy gave numerous tubercles in the lungs, 

 and ulcers of the nasal mucosa. A positive result followed the re- 

 inoculation of another horse, with nasal discharge from this one. 

 Laisne reports a similar result. Others report the same, but Vines 

 exceeds all in absurdity, when he asserts that he produced glanders 

 by means of injections of vitriol into the trachea, and other such 

 procedures. 



These experiments are openly opposed by others in the same 

 direction, and are not conformable to the results of pathological 

 experiments in our day. In fact, it should be well known that the 

 introduction of pus into a jugular vein will lead to processes in 

 the lungs which, taken by themselves, might lead one to suspect 

 glanders. 



Furthermore, in old horses, nodulated bodies are frequently 

 met with which the inexperienced might take for tubercles — such 

 is the condition known as bronchitis nodosa. 



Whether genuine tuberculosis occurs in the horse is an open 

 question ! 



Lauret, Billroth, Guenther, Spinola, Gamgee, Lee, and others, 

 have made numerous injection and other experiments, with both 

 laudable and ichorous pus, but have in no case produced glanders. 



It will be observed that only in one case was glanders proved to 

 exist by second inoculation, in Renault and Bouley's experiments. 

 In all the others no case of proof, or secondary inoculation, is given. 



Were glanders ever due to pysemia, we should have far more 

 proof of it than at present exists. 



That it could ever have been assumed to be generated in this 

 way, must be sought in the hitherto all too much neglected fact 

 of the long latency which the pulmonary form may have, extending 

 over years without even a single detectable symptom of the real 

 disease. A wound, a cold, undue exposure, or any of the causes 

 hitherto looked upon as protopathic, may cause the acute eruption 

 of the disease. 



The theory of the spontaneous generation of glanders again finds 

 full contradiction in the observations of practical experience, made 

 on islands distant from the mainland, and out of general communi- 

 cation with it. 



Krabbe * reports that, on the Island of Bornholm, with over 



* " Deutsche Zeitschrift," i, p. 286, 1878. 



