THE HORSE. 187 



Bollinger has shown by numerous experiments that the nasal 

 mucosa is a favorite place for the local disturbances of glanders with- 

 out regard to the point whence infection took place. 



Pulmonary Glanders. 



In general, this form of glanders may be looked upon as the 

 same thing as chronic glanders. The true importance of this form 

 of the disease has scarcely had due appreciation even from the pro- 

 fession. 



It can exist for months, or even years, without the appearance of 

 any outward signwhich could be at once considered as pathognomonic. 



Gerlach and Bollinger both give numerous cases where glanders 

 has been suspected, but in which characteristic symptoms entirely 

 failed, yet on the autopsy the pathognomonic phenomena in the 

 lungs were found abundantly represented. Gerlach says : 



" On November 2, 1863, three horses belonging to a coal-dealer 

 were brought to the school clinic at Hanover. No. 1 was killed on 

 account of farcy ; Nos. 2 and 3 were kept for four weeks under ob- 

 servation. They were both emaciated, and had an ill-looking coat. 

 No. 3 had no other suspicious symptoms. No. 2 had, at first, a 

 slight tumefaction of the intermaxillary glands, which gradually 

 diminished, and a somewhat retarded respiration. After four weeks' 

 observation, both horses were returned to the owner, the police be- 

 ing notified that they were still to be looked upon as suspicious. On 

 the 10th of February, 1864, horse No. 2 was again brought to the 

 school on account of epistaxis. It was much emaciated, and asth- 

 matic to a high degree ; the respiration was much retarded, and the 

 animal had a short, dry cough ; the intermaxillary glands were not 

 diseased, and the nasal mucosa presented nothing abnormal. Fever 

 and symptoms of disease were entirely wanting. On account of the 

 antecedent circumstances, pulmonary glanders was suspected, and 

 the horse killed. 



Autopsy. — The mucous membranes of the head and the inter- 

 maxillary glands healthy, the lungs filled with glanders neoplasmata, 

 etc. 



On account of this result, the third horse was killed. It was broken- 

 winded, otherwise not a single sign of glanders could be perceived. 



Autopsy. — Not an indication of glanders in the nasal cavities or 

 cavities of the head. Intermaxillary glands healthy. In the lungs 

 tubercles, and the characteristic growths of glanders, phenomena 

 which may be looked upon as justifying the strongest suspicion 

 of the presence of chronic glanders, especially pulmonary. 



