188 THE DISEASES OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 



Gerlach says : " It can be almost axiomatically asserted that a 

 continuous hard nodulated condition of the intermaxillary glands in 

 a horse is sufficient to excite the suspicion of the existence of glan- 

 ders, even when no suspicious phenomena are to be seen in the nose. 

 I have never seen a tumefied condition of these glands which had 

 any deceptive resemblance to the bubo of glanders, in any simple 

 inflammatory or catarrhal complications of the mucous membranes 

 of the head. 



Further, a horse must be looked upon with suspicion — 



1. "When it has a dry, dull, wheezing cough, with retarded 

 respiration ; when the general condition of the animal is poor, the 

 hair staring, the body emaciated." 



2. " When horses in this condition have stood or worked beside, 

 or otherwise been in relation with others known to have had glan- 

 ders. 



3. " "When the dyspncetic phenomena have been anticipated by 

 suspicious glandular or catarrhal phenomena. 



4. " When a horse that has been much in contact with such a 

 broken-winded horse acquires the disease, the latter should be sus- 

 spected. 



5. " When, in the course of the above condition, any suspicious 

 glandular or catarrhal complications make their appearance." 



Veterinarians have made a mistake all along in judging glanders 

 too much from the clinical stand-point, that is, from visible symp- 

 toms, and have neglected to appreciate the true value or teachings 

 of the processes in the larynx, trachea, lungs, and other organs, 

 which are only revealed by a necroscopical examination. 



At the Berlin school, where very exact records are kept of the 

 results of each autopsy, it was found that in 216 cases of glanders, 

 upon which examinations were made between the years 1871 and 

 1874, the location of the disease in the lungs failed in but ten of 

 them, while they were wanting in thirty-three cases in the nasal 

 cavities and those of the head. 



Pulmonary glanders, it must be repeated, is as frequently the 

 primary lesion of the disease as that of the head or cutis. Of the 

 above 216 cases, the lesions of the lungs were found to antedate 

 those in the nose, or cutis, in more than half the cases. 



Bollinger says, from much experience, that the conclusion of 

 Yirchow and others is erroneous, that the nasal mucosae are as fre- 

 quently the atrium of the infectious principle of glanders as the 

 genitals in syphilis, and that the pulmonary complications complete 

 the disease. 



