THE HORSE. 207 



cated, we observe in the beginning a secretion of a thin, viscid, whit- 

 ish discharge ; swelling, hyperaemia, and pains in the nose and sur- 

 roundings, gradually develop. The nasal discharge is frequently uni- 

 lateral, and later becomes thicker, muco-purulent, and offensive. In 

 a few cases nodules may be diagnosed. In many cases we can diagnose, 

 intra vitam, the development of pustules and ulcers in the nasal 

 mucosa, which in malignant cases lead to erosions of the perichon- 

 drium and perforation of septum. The uni- or bilateral nasal dis- 

 charge appears often only after two or three weeks, coeval with dif- 

 fuse redness of the nose, which may extend over the face and fore- 

 head. In few cases the nasal discharge fails, although nodular erup- 

 tions take place. 



As in the horse, so in man, we frequently observe that the nasal 

 affection appears to be the closing complication of the disease. 



Later, or coeval with the cutaneous eruptions, there develop 

 catarrh and inflammatory ulcerative processes in the other mucosae, 

 which stand in more or less intimate connection with that of the 

 nose, as in the conjunctiva, the mouth, oesophagus, and trachea. In 

 some cases abscesses develop in the joints, particularly those of the 

 hands. The submaxillary and lingual glands, which often contain 

 abscesses, become swollen and painful. The respiratory tract is fre- 

 quently the seat of serious complications, such as bronchial catarrh, 

 with accompanying symptoms. The pulse is small and frequent ; 

 the temperature increases to over 40° C. „ 



The participation of the nervous system is made evident by 

 vertigo, headache, ringing in the ears, want of sleep, uneasiness, 

 somnolence, delirium, etc. Albumen is sometimes present in the 

 urine. In pregnant females, abortion often takes place. 



Cheonic Glanders 



Assumes the above characteristics in varying form and less rapid 

 development. The medium duration — recovery is quite frequent, 

 slow, and incomplete — extends over four months. 



Pathological Anatomy. — In this regard the phenomena in man 

 bear a strong resemblance to those of pyaemia. 



The chief difference between those of man and horses is the 

 greater prevalence of tubercular eruptions in the former ; other- 

 wise we have almost similar conditions, except the greater tendency 

 to abscesses in man. 



Diagnosis. — This, when the cause is known, is easy, otherwise 

 often very difficult, especially on account of the resemblance of the 

 processes to those of pyaemia. * 



