THE HISTORY OF VETERINARY MEDICINE. 215 



must never offer help to persons that have made themselves disagree- 

 able to the king, or to the people ; or offer assistance to deformed 

 people, deteriorated, unruly, or wild persons, or even to women, 

 when their husband is absent. The student must never accept a 

 present from a wife, except with the permission of the husband. 

 When he enters a residence, it must be in the company of an au- 

 thorized person ; he must be well clad, and enter with bowed head, 

 reflecting, and with full dignity take due cognizance of all the sur- 

 roundings. Once in the sick-chamber, his whole attention must be 

 given to the treatment of the patient. The things going on in the 

 house of the patient must never be advertised abroad ; he must 

 never inform a patient that a fatal termination to his illness is ap- 

 proaching. The most learned man must never seek to impress upon 

 others the idea of his own importance. Many persons withdraw 

 themselves from such men, however capable they may be. The sci- 

 ence of medicine is, in all truth, not so easy of acquisition. He 

 must ever be willing to learn from the experience and knowledge 

 of others. To the earnest man the whole world is full of teaching ; 

 only to the ignorant is she an enemy. With this in remembrance, 

 even the words of an enemy may be conducive to the good of many. 

 He must religiously observe every duty to the gods, the fire, the 

 holy Brahmans, the Guru, the aged, and the holy teacher. When 

 this is done, then shalt thou be favored by the fire, the fluids, and 

 the gods. When not, thy life shall be unsuccessful. When this 

 has all been said, the teacher shall respond, * So shall it be.' ' 



Susruta gave similar advice to that already given by Charaka, 

 to the students of medicine. He says : " They must utterly abstain 

 from love and hate, from anger and laziness, and from greed for gain. 

 They must pay consideration to external appearances, and have 

 care that their clothing is appropriate and cleanly. They must 

 be servants of the truth. They must show the same respect as to 

 their parents, to the Brahmans, to their teacher in medicine, to their 

 friends, and to all those who turn to them for help. The doctor 

 must wear his hair short ; his nails must be clean and closely cut ; 

 he must never leave his house except with his cane or sun-shade ; 

 above all, must he avoid all undue intimacy with women. He must 

 be handsome, well built, amiable, earnest, but without self-conceit, 

 friendly, and full of spirit ; his speech must be soft yet encourag- 

 ing, as that of a friend ; his heart must be pure and honorable ; he 

 must be a pattern of cleverness and sagacity, and must love his pa- 

 tients better than relations, friends, or his parents. One may have 

 fear of a brother, a mother, or a f 1 iend, but never of his doctor. 



