THE HISTORY OF VETERINARY MEDICINE. 225 



the swine have measles, for they are to be found under the tongue. 

 Measly swine can not keep their hind-feet quiet ; they lose the 

 measles after having fed upon ' tipha,' which also helps their con- 

 dition. The best food to nourish swine is peas and figs, but one 

 must not give them one kind of food, as mixed diet is best for 

 them. It is said that acorns are greedily devoured by swine, but 

 that they make them have soft and watery flesh. When in a 

 pregnant condition too many acorns cause them to abort, as they 

 also do sheep. So far as we know, swine are the only animals 

 that harbor measles. 



" Dogs also suffer from three diseases, known as ' rabies,' ' ky- 

 nanche,' and ' podagra.' Rabies puts them into fits of rage, during 

 which they bite furiously, and all animals bitten by them when in 

 this condition also become mad, with the exception of man. This 

 disease kills the dogs, as well as all animals bitten by them, vjith the 

 exception of man. 'Kynanche' is also deadly to dogs, and from 

 'podagra' but few recover. Camels are also subject to rabies. Of 

 all other animals, the elephant alone is exempted from this disease, 

 but it is subject to tympanitis." 



" Cattle living in herds are subject to two diseases, known as 

 ' podagra ' and ' krauros.' In the first, the feet become swollen, 

 but they do not die from it, nor do they lose their hoofs ; they be- 

 come better when one covers their horns with hot pitch. In ' krau- 

 ros,' their breath is hot and respiration accelerated ; this is called 

 fever in men, but ' krauros ' in cattle. The signs of this disease are 

 drooping ears and loss of appetite ; they die rapidly, and the lungs 

 are gangrenous upon examination. 



" Horses which live upon pastures are subject to no other disease 

 than ' podagra.' "When afflicted with this disease they sometimes 

 lose their hoofs ; but, when this is the case, new ones soon develop, 

 for, as the new hoof grows down, the old one is shed. Among the 

 signs of this disease is swelling of the right testicle, or a corrugated 

 condition of the skin between the nostrils. They are also subject 

 to a disease which is called ' eilos,' which is characterized by the 

 animals placing the four feet together under the body. When 

 horses go for some days without eating, and then become crazy, one 

 has to resort to bleeding and castration. They are also subject to 

 ' tetanus,' a disease by which all the vessels, as well as the head and 

 neck, become stiffened, and the animals move stiff-legged. They 

 soon become purulent. Another disease to which they are subject 

 is called ' krithian,' indicated by a soft palate and hot breath. These 

 diseases are incurable, when they do not cease of themselves, which 



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