THE VETERINARY INSTITUTIONS OF FRANCE. 269 



director has exceedingly little to do, and one person can as surely 

 give as good instruction to the students as all three professors. The 

 students are controlled very strictly. Aside from Sundays and 

 Thursdays, no students can leave the grounds of the school without 

 permission from the director. Everything is arranged by the ring- 

 ing of a bell — getting up, study, attending to patients, eating, and 

 retiring. Each student must be in the dissecting-room at 7 a. m. in 

 the summer, and 8 in the winter. A chief calls the roll and reports 

 each one who is absent. Each student must remain in this room, or 

 at least on the grounds, and before 11 no student can go to his room. 

 At 2 p. m. the same course is gone through with, and at 6 the stud- 

 ies are ended. The students are kept under severe military regula- 

 tion, and the ' chefs ' arrange the service of the sub-officers. There 

 are about eighty students here, of whom twenty are destined for the 

 cavalry regiments ; these have special barracks outside the school, 

 and are under their own officer ; the rest are lodged in the school, 

 and, inclusive of meals, pay yearly 360 livres. The king pays the 

 professors. Each student, when he goes into the court-yard, must 

 wear the school uniform, which consists of a blue frock with yellow 

 buttons, upon which is a lily surrounded by the words ' Ecole roiale 

 veterinaire.' The uniform of the ' chefs ' is distinguished by a 

 double golden ' tresse ' upon the collar. The botanical garden is 

 prettily arranged, and contains 6,700 plants. Nothing seems to have 

 been forgotten which can add to the comfort and beauty of the 

 school." 



In 1795 the French Government considered the erection of a 

 school at Toulouse for the south of France, but it was not until 1825 

 that the idea came to realization, Dupuy being its first director. 

 This school was intended to give especial attention to the study of 

 diseases of cattle, and if one may judge from the efforts of Toussaint 

 in reference to " charbon," this intention has been most successful. 



" Alexis Casimir Dupuy * was born at Breteuil, the 27th Sep- 

 tember, 1775, and died September, 1849. He was the son of the 

 postmaster of his village. It is without doubt that his intimacy 

 with horses and other animals in his youth was the cause of his de- 

 voting himself to the science which he so faithfully served. His 

 first education was received at the college at Beauvais, and later at 

 the college of ' Louis le Grand,' at Paris. In 1792, when seven- 

 teen years old, we find him, with many other young Frenchmen, in 

 the ranks of the revolutionists ; he took part in the battle of Je- 



* Schraeder-Hering, he. tit., p. 111. 



