THE VETERINARY INSTITUTIONS OF FRANCE. 277 



dation for 275, and generally all these places are occupied. These 

 students pay a yearly fee of six hundred francs for education, lodg- 

 ing, heating, light, board, washing, etc., and the other two classes 

 pay a yearly fee of two hundred francs. 



Those students that have passed the necessary matriculatory ex- 

 amination, and for whom there is not the necessary lodging-room, 

 have the right to enter as external students, not being then subjected 

 to internal regulations of the school ; but few, however, take advan- 

 tage of this privilege, most of them preferring to wait another year 

 for financial reasons, rooms, etc. The exclusion from the "inter- 

 nat," or school boarding-house, is considered the severest punishment 

 which can come upon a student. Only one third of the " eleves in- 

 ternes" pay this six hundred francs from their own means; two 

 thirds of them are the recipients of so-called " deini-bourses," or 

 stipends, which equal the fees paid by the other third. To receive 

 them, however, the student must first have been at the school six 

 months, and have demonstrated his worthiness by appropriate con- 

 duct, diligence, etc. These stipends are paid every half-year, and 

 as a rule are enjoyed by the students during their whole course of 

 study, being only withdrawn in case of gross misconduct or want 

 of proper knowledge, in proportion to the time the recipient has 

 studied. 



There are three sources from which these stipends come, viz., the 

 prefects of departments, the Government, and the military funds. 

 Each department has two stipends to pay toward the support of one 

 of the veterinary schools. There are certain regulations to be com- 

 plied with for the reception of the military stipends. The " eleves 

 boursiers militaires," or military students, receive, aside from the 

 benefits of the " internat," clothing, rent, the necessary books and 

 instruments, and a small amount of pocket-money, in addition to 

 which the Government pays the examination fee of one hundred 

 francs ; whereas the other students having the benefit of the " in- 

 ternat " have to pay all such expenses. The military administration 

 provides for sixty stipends, all of which were enjoyed by Alfort pre- 

 vious to 1876, but they are now so divided that Alfort receives 

 thirty and the schools at Lyons and Toulouse fifteen each. The 

 military students, after becoming twenty years of age, are required 

 to sign agreements by which they promise to serve in the army for 

 five years, but are, during their course of study, generally free from 

 military regulations. The number of students at Lyons and Tou- 

 louse is somewhat less than at Alfort. The whole number of stu- 

 dents at these schools is, in general, about 600, so that each year 



