280 THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE VETERINARY SCHOOLS. 



military veterinarians, had 115. Of these, four were attached to 

 the Ministry of "War, two to the omnibus companies, one as in- 

 spector of the horse-market, two as inspectors at the slaughter- 

 houses, one to the market-police, and one to the court stables. 



" The military organization is, on the contrary, well arranged, 

 and the army veterinarians are well placed, both in regard to their 

 rank and pecuniarily. According to the decree of 1860, the French 

 army had in all its departments 337 veterinarians, who enjoyed the 

 following positions : 4 principal, 120 first class, and 128 second 

 class, and 25 assistant veterinarians. The yearly pay of the chiefs 

 was 4,000 francs, and that of the assistants 1,800. When the chiefs 

 were retired, they received a pension of 2,310 francs, which could 

 be increased to 3,714. Two of these veterinarians were members 

 of the commission ' d'hygiene hippique ' at the Ministry of War, 

 and a third was veterinary to the Guards, and resided in Paris. A 

 fourth was stationed as superior veterinarian at the cavalry -school 

 at Saumur, and a fifth in a similar position with the troops and 

 royal stud in Algeria, under the rank of ' etat major.' The other 

 three classes have also the rank of officer, with corresponding pay : 

 for the first class, 1,700 francs as minimal, and 2,760 as maximal ; 

 the second class from 1,400 to 2,800 francs; and the assistants from 

 1,300 to 2,112 francs. On the other hand, the value of veterinary 

 science has been from the early days of schools well acknowledged 

 by the members of the Academy and other scientific societies in 

 France, and members of the profession have taken no second rank 

 among the scientists of France and the world. At the present day 

 the literary-scientific horizon of France has no more refulgent lights 

 than Chauveau, Toussaint, Bouley, Colin, Megnin, and other mem- 

 bers of the veterinary profession." 



The Veterinary Institute at Vienna, Austria. 



With the termination of the school-term for 1877, this institution 

 began a second centennial existence, and it is to be hoped its pros- 

 perity and usefulness will go on increasing as the years pass on. 

 The school is known as the ' k Royal Military Veterinary Institute of 

 Vienna." Professor Dr. Roell, its late director, gave a complete 

 sketch of its history for the first hundred years of its existence in 

 the " Oesterreichse Vierteljahrsschrift f iir wissenschaftliche Vete- 

 rinarkunde," vol. xlviii ; to which are added lithographic illustra- 

 tions of the grounds and buildings. This periodical (quarterly) has 

 been issued by the faculty of the institute since the year 1851, and 

 contains many articles of value. The establishment of this school 



