290 THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE VETERINARY SCHOOLS. 



The Examinations. — The examination takes place at the end of 

 each year in the subjects which have been lectured upon or demon- 

 strated. The results are designated as " excellent " (" sehr gut" *), 

 " good," and " middling." Students who have received the last 

 censor may apply for a second examination, but those who have re- 

 ceived it in two or more branches are obliged to repeat the full 

 course for the completed year. 



The professors are free to make examinations on any subjects 

 during the session. 



Students who desire the state diploma as veterinarians must, 

 among other things, make an autopsy and correctly dictate the re- 

 sults ; also prepare certain anatomical specimens, and give in to the 

 appropriate professor certain written documents upon cases in con- 

 nection with forensic medicine and veterinary police. 



Aside from this, the final examination consists in the student 

 attending a selected patient (a tough case selected by the teacher) in 

 both the internal and surgical clinic for three days, of which the 

 student has to make, unaided, the diagnosis, and attend to and direct 

 the treatment, and write a full description of the case, its history, 

 treatment, and prognosis. Further, he must make several surgical 

 operations upon a living animal, and demonstrate a subject in anatomy. 



The partial examinations take place under the special professor 

 in each branch, with changes of professors, the last examination in 

 the presence of the whole examining body. All members of the 

 examining commissions are free to ask of the candidate any ques- 

 tions they please in connection with veterinary medicine or its col- 

 lateral branches. The examining commission consists of the pro- 

 fessors and a person named by the Minister of the Interior. If a 

 candidate has failed in one part of his examination, he may again 

 present himself at a time fixed by the commission, which can never 

 be in less than three months. If he has failed in two divisions of the 

 examination, he must be examined again in all parts of his studies, but 

 never in less than six months. The final examination costs fifty-four 

 florins. Foreigners are admitted by the consent of the direction, and 

 have a right to an examination for a diploma, but not to practice in 

 Austria when not naturalized citizens. Foreigners have to pay 

 twenty guldens fee for each session before it begins. Single courses 

 of lectures may be arranged with the director. Certain rules of 

 conduct must be observed. 



* The German " sehr gut " is not correctly interpreted by the English " very good" 

 it being spoken with a peculiar emphasis, and used only in a sense of the English " ex- 

 cellent." 



