306 THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE VETERINARY SCHOOLS. 



"Winter Session. Before noon. — 8 to 9, horseshoeing, daily ; 9 

 to 10, instruction upon the internal and external diseases of the 

 horse, four clays each week ; 10 to 11, clinic. 



Afternoon. — 1 to 2, dissection, daily ; 2 to 3, anatomical lec- 

 ture, four days per week. General examination upon all subjects 

 twice weekly ; 3 to 4, dissection. 



Summer Session. Before noon. — 8 to 9, horseshoeing, daily ; 9 

 to 10, internal and external diseases, daily ; 10 to 11, clinic. 



Afternoon. — 2 to 3, osteology, exterior, physiology, hygiene, 

 obstetrics, materia medica, pharmacy, bandaging, etc, one day each 

 per week. 



On Kersting's death, the direction of the school passed to Have- 

 mann, who had for a time been stationed at one of the royal studs, 

 which he left with great regret. He was a man of extreme mod- 

 esty, but nevertheless proved himself to be a competent and pleas- 

 ant teacher. There was but little change in the course or manner 

 of instruction. Havemann was requested to give his views upon 

 veterinary education to the Government ; and this man of the last 

 century embodies some ideas therein which are not unworthy of ap- 

 preciation in this country, which, to-day, in spite of self-conceited 

 Americanism, is no further advanced, so far as veterinary science is 

 concerned, than Hanover was then : " According to my ideas, vet- 

 erinary medicine would receive a much more rapid development if 

 the education were made entirely free to the children of the land, as 

 there are so few veterinarians to he had. Applicants must not only 

 be able to write legibly, but must give reason to hope for their fu- 

 ture success by diligence and a natural adaptability to the profession. 

 Those who have not these two necessary qualifications must be dis- 

 missed the schools, for, while it is an undoubted truth that capable 

 veterinarians are of much benefit to the public, so is it beyond all 

 doubt that empirics and quacks are nothing else than lashes to the 

 land, even though they be supplied with letters of apprenticeship, 

 saying that they have studied in a royal veterinary school an art of 

 which they have not acquired the least idea." In answer to the 

 question, "How long would it take a gifted and industrious man to 

 become an educated veterinarian ?" he says, " One learns quicker, 

 another slower, but to all are necessary great capability, much work, 

 and these all demand time, and three years are none too little." But, 

 in spite of all this good advice, the course was not much extended by 

 the Government, or the conditions to admittance made much more 

 severe. 



Hausemann succeeded Havemann as director in 1819, and had 



