THE SCHOOLS OF GERMANY. 317 



same character. The dependency and insufficiency of the institute 

 is well illustrated by one fact, which amply shows the requirements 

 which were necessary. In order to make a correct necroscopical 

 diagnosis, for instance, of Bright's condition of the kidneys, it was 

 necessary to call in the assistance of a professor of pathological anat- 

 omy from the medical faculty of the university, and numerous valu- 

 able and instructive specimens sent to the school by practicing vet- 

 erinarians perished for want of proper appreciation. It is no wonder 

 that the congress of veterinarians at "Wurzburg, in 1860, pronounced 

 it a waste of time, trouble, and money, to allow the institute to con- 

 tinue its existence. I will cease, at this point, enumerating the sins 

 of the Munich school during the first half of this epoch, as it would 

 not be courteous to extend it to the present teachers." 



Let us turn our attention for a moment to the other schools of 

 Germany, for I have endeavored to get at the true facts, so far as 

 was in my power. With the exception of Berlin, which, notwith- 

 standing a brilliant external reputation, had fallen into a stage of 

 semi-torpidity, its teachers having become old, and new power being 

 needed, and the school at Stuttgart, the schools at Dresden and 

 Hanover were in many instances worthy of being considered as 

 models. Dresden had suffered a complete renovation, and Gerlach 

 worked in Hanover. (In both these cases it was, however, the work 

 of single individuals which gave these schools what little advantage 

 they had. Haubner in Dresden, and, as Feser says, Gerlach in Han- 

 over ; there was nothing general about it.) But neither of them 

 went beyond the education of clever empirics — in proof of which 

 may be noted the fact that, after the reformation of the plan of the 

 Dresden school, of which so much was spoken and expected, it was 

 found impossible to find veterinarians suitable for teachers, and the 

 chairs were only finally filled by going outside of Saxony, and at 

 great expense. (Here is a proper place for me to remark that, not- 

 withstanding the high position which I have claimed for the Ger- 

 man schools and other veterinary institutions, no one unacquainted 

 with the true conditions can realize how few men there are among 

 the graduates of the German veterinary schools at all fitted to be- 

 come teachers, and every one of these few, and every man who 

 has gained fame before them, have been obliged, at great cost to 

 their physique and demands upon means which in no case are too 

 plenty, to fill the great gaps in their education by studies at the 

 medical schools of German universities. The number of men of 

 real value to the scientific advancement of veterinary medicine at 

 the schools of Germany is not more than sufficient to make a faculty 



