THE VETERINARY INSTITUTIONS OF PRUSSIA. 333 



the cleaning, with from 18 to 24 marks' pay per month. They all 

 live upon the grounds. 



The Students. 



The students are divided into two classes, military and civil, to 

 which may be added certain " hospitants," who are agriculturists, 

 graduates of other schools, foreigners, or other persons desiring to 

 hear certain lectures. 



The military students form by far the greater majority, and re- 

 side in a fine barracks, just outside the school-grounds, and opposite 

 the military school for horseshoeing, in which they all have to study, 

 and serve six months in practice, and pass an examination, before 

 they can enter the veterinary institution. They do not dress in 

 uniform, except at certain hours each week, or when called upon to 

 appear on dress parade. Each class has a superior army veterinarian 

 over them, who is responsible for their attention to their studies, 

 and attendance at the lectures, and who questions them weekly in 

 order to keep posted as to their progress. Students who are inatten- 

 tive to duty are warned, examined, and, if their ill-conduct is per- 

 sisted in, are turned over to the army to serve out their time as 

 soldiers. This may take place at any time during the student's 

 course, even after he has failed in the second final examination, un- 

 less he may have already served his appointed time in the army. 

 Their general conduct is subject to the control of an army officer, 

 and they are kept under very strict discipline, being sometimes pun- 

 ished with confinement. The Government supplies them with a 

 small amount of pocket-money — 30 marks per month, I believe — be- 

 sides the necessary books, instruments, fuel, attendance, etc. ; in ad- 

 dition to which their building has lately been supplied with a very 

 complete medical library, costing some $1,500, so that the army 

 students have not to go out of their building if they desire to read 

 up any special subject, either in human or veterinary medicine. 

 Each military graduate must serve two years in the army, as an army 

 veterinary surgeon, for each year's schooling. Their pay is not 

 large, nor do they rank so high, or receive the consideration which 

 similar officers do in other armies, especially in the English, but their 

 expenses are also smaller. They have the privilege, however, of 

 studying, and enjoying a stipend by which they can again visit the 

 school, and hear lectures and make the examinations for the high 

 civil positions, so that on completion of their army service they can 

 immediately apply for any vacancies which may occur. This privi- 

 lege is only granted to those who have passed the first two grades in 

 the examination ; those having the best can undergo these examina- 



