PUPA. 433 



be incapable of existing unless abundantly supplied with moisture, 

 seeming to be aquatic rather than terrestrial in their habits. They 

 feed on decaying vegetable matter, keeping themselves in the shade, 

 and adhering closely to the objects on which they rest when in re- 

 pose. In the winter they bury themselves under the leaves or in 

 the earth. 



Pupa muscorum. 



Shell cylindrical, sub-fusiform; whorls six to seven; aperture lateral, nearly 

 circular, with tubercle on the parietal wall ; lip slightly reflected ; perforate. 



Pupa hadia, Adams, Bost. Journ. iii. 331, pi. 3, fij^. 18; Shells of Vermont, 157. — 

 Gould, Bost. Journ. iii. 404 ; iv. 360. — De Kay, N. Y. Moll. 49, pi. 4, tig. 45. — 

 Chemxitz, 2d ed. 117, pi. 15, figs. 25-29. — Bixney, Terr. Moll. 323, pi. 70, fig. 

 3. _ w. G. BixNEY, Terr. Moll. iv. 142. 



Pupa musconiin, Lixx.Ei!S, part. — Pfeiffer, Mon. Hel. Viv. iv. 666, &c. 



Pupilla hadia, Morse, Journ. Port!. Soc. i. 37, figs. 89, 91 ; pi. 10, fig. 92 (1864) ; Am. 

 Kat. i. 609, fig. 52 (1868). 



Shell perforate, cylindrical, sub-fusiform, obtuse at both extremi- 

 ties ; epidermis dark chestnut-color, or bay ; whorls six to 

 ^°'*^^^' seven, rounded, the anterior four of about equal diameter; 

 suture deep ; aperture lateral, nearly circular, small, its 

 diameter equal to two thirds of the diameter of the last 

 whorl, a thin, testaceous deposit forming a thickened mar- 

 gin internally, sometimes bearing an obtuse tubercle ; upon 

 the parietal wall is a single tubercle ; transverse margin 

 sub-reflected ; lip slightly reflected. Length four, breadth 

 one and a half millimetres. 



Found in the islands in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, and in Maine, 

 Vermont, and New York. Its range in Europe is very great, being 

 found from Siberia to Sicily, England, Iceland, &c. 



Pupa Hoppii. 



Shell cylindrically ovate, delicately striated, shining; whorls five; aperture ver- 

 tical, sub-.semi-circular ; parietal wall with one tooth ; peristome scarcely ex- 

 panded, sub-perforate. 



Pupa Hoppii, Moller, Ind. Moll. Gr. 4 (1842). — Troschel, Ar. far Nat. 1843, ii. 126. 



— Chemxitz, 2d ed. 163, pi. 19, figs. 29, 30. — Pfeiffer, i\Ion. Hel. Viv. ii. 328; 



iii. 536 ; iv. 666. — \Y. G. Bixxey, Terr. Moll. iv. 147, pi. 78, fig. 20. 

 Pupa Steenbiichii, Beck teste Morch, Nat. Bidrag. Gr. 75. 



Shell sub-perforate, cylindrically ovate, thin, very delicately stri- 

 ated, horn colored, shining, pellucid ; spire terminating in an obtuse 

 28 



