126 History of Hingham. 



Castanea, Tourn. 



sativa, Mill., var. Americana. Chestnut. 



Fagus, Tourn. 



ferruginea, Ait. Beech. 



73. SALICACE.SJ. (WlLLOW FAMILY.) 



This family, comprising the Willows and Poplars, is found 

 almost entirely in the temperate and frigid zones. Two species 

 are the most northern woody plants known. The order embraces 

 trees and shrubs; some trees reaching a height of eighty feet, 

 and certain species of the shrubs, in alpine and arctic regions, 

 rising scarcely more than an inch from the ground. The family 

 is variously useful in the arts and valuable in medicine, and 

 the leaves and young shoots furnish fodder for cattle in some 

 countries. 



Salix, Tourn. 



alba, L., var. vitellina. Koch. White Willow. 



tristis. Ait. Dwarf Gray Willow. 



humilis, Marsh. 



discolor, Muhl. Glaucous Willow. 



sericea, Marsh. Silky Willow. 



petiolaris, Smith. Petioled Willow. 



rostrata, Richard. Livid Willow. 



lucida, Muhl. Shining AVillow. 



nigra, Marsh. Black Willow. 



myrtilloides, L. Myrtle Willow. 



Populus, Tourn. 



tremuloides, Mx. American Aspen, 

 grandidentata, Mx. Large-toothed Poplar, 

 balsamifera, L., var. candicans, Gray. Balm of Gilead. 



74. CERATOPHYLLACE-SJ. (HORNWORT FAMILY.) 



Aquatic plants growing in slow streams and ponds. 



Ceratophyllum, L. 



demersum, L. Hornwort. 



75. CONIFERS. (PlNE FAMILY.) 



An order of evergreen trees and shrubs, common to the tem- 

 perate and torrid zones, but more extensive in the former regions. 

 The tropical species differ entirely from those existing in cold 

 climates. The family embraces both low shrubs and some of the 

 tallest trees in the world ; the gigantic Pines and Redwoods of Cali- 

 fornia. It is of great importance to man, furnishing timber, tur- 

 pentine, tar, pitch, and resin, besides certain oils. The seeds of 

 some species arc esculent, and the order is of value in medicine. 



