CONTENTS. 



Relation of Anatomy to Biology . , 

 Subdivisions of Anatomical Study 



INTRODUCTION. 



General Plan of Vertebrate Construction 

 Descriptive Terms 



PAGE 

 I 



THE ELEMENTS OF STRUCTURE. 



The Elementary Tissues 



The Cells and Intercellular 



stances 



The Embryonal Cell 



Vital Manifestations 



Metabolism 



Growth 



Reproduction 



Sub- 



5 



5 

 6 

 6 

 6 

 6 



Irritability 



The Animal Cell 



Structure of the Cytoplasm 

 Structure of the Nucleus . . 



The Centrosome 



Division of Cells 



Mitotic Division 



6 



6 



7 



8 



9 



lo 



, II 



Amitotic Division 14 



EARLY DEVELOPMENT. 



The Ovum 



The Spermatozoon 



Maturation of the Ovum 



Fertilization of the Ovum 



Segmentation of the Ovum 



The Blastoderm and the Blastodermic 



Layers 



Derivatives of the Blastodermic Layers. . 

 The Primitive Streak and the Gastrula. , 

 The Significance of the Primitive Streak. . 

 The Fundamental Embryological Pro- 

 cesses 



The Neural Canal : . . 



The Notochord 



The Coelom 



The Somites 



The Foetal Membranes. 



The Amnion 



The Serosa 



The \"itelline Sac 



The Allantois and the Chorion 



15 

 16 

 16 

 18 

 21 



22 



24 

 24 



25 



26 

 26 

 27 

 28 

 29 

 30 

 30 

 31 

 32 

 32 



The Human Foetal Membranes 



The Amnion and Allantois 



The Chorion 



The Amniotic Fluid 



The Umbilical Vesicle 



The Deciduae 



The Trophoblast 



The Decidua Vera 



The Decidua Placentalis . . . 



The Placenta 



The Umbilical Cord 



The After-Birth 



Development of Body- Form 



The Stage of the Blastodermic Ves- 

 icle 



The Stage of the Embryo 



The Visceral Arches and Fur- 



rows 



The Development of the Face 

 The Stage of the Foetus 



35 

 35 



41 

 41 

 42 



44 

 46 

 46 

 48 



49 

 53 

 55 

 56 



56 

 56 



59 

 62 



63 



THE ELEMENTARY TISSUES. 



The Epithelial Tissues 



Squamous Epithelium 



Columnar Epithelium 



Modified Epithelium 



Specialized Epithelium 



Endothelium 



The Connective Tissues 



The Cells of Connective Tissue. . . . 



The Intercellular Constituents 



Fibrous Tissue 



Reticular Tissue 



Elastic Tissue 



Development of Connective Tissue 



Tendon 



Adipose Tissue 



Cartilage . 



67 

 68 

 69 

 70 

 70 

 71 

 73 

 73 

 74 

 74 

 75 

 76 



77 



77 



79 

 80 



The Connective Tissues — Continued 



Hyaline Cartilage ' 80 



Elastic Cartilage 81 



Fibrous Cartilage 82 



Development of Cartilage 82 



Bone 84 



Chemical Composition 84 



Physical Properties 85 



Structure of Bone 85 



Bone Marrow 90 



Red Marrow 91 



Yellow Marrow 93 



Development of Bone 94 



Endochondral Bone 94 



Membranous Bone 98 



Subperiosteal Bone 08 



THE SKELETON, INCLUDING THE JOINTS. 



The Axial Skeleton 103 



The Appendicular Skeleton 104 



General Considerations of the Bones .... 104 



General Considerations of the Joints .... 107 



The Spinal Column 114 



The Thoracic Vertebrae 115 



IX 



