LENGTH OF PRESACRAL REGIONS. 141 



Dimensions and Proportions. — The length and the proportions of the dif- 

 ferent presacral regions (inclwding the intervertebral disks), measured along the an- 

 terior surface of the spine, have, in fifty males and twenty-three female bodies, been 

 found by us as stated below. We give for comparison Ravenel's^ and Aeby's^ propor- 

 tions combined. The former measured eleven and the latter eight spines of each sex. 

 Cunningham's^ proportions, from six male and five female spines, are also added. 

 In the proportions, one hundred represents the total presacral length along the curves. 



ACTUAL .LENGTH OF PRESACRAL REGIONS OF SPINE. 



Male. Female. 



Centimetres. (Inches.) Centimetres. (Inches.) 



Neck 13.3 ( 5.25) I2.I ( 4.75^ 



Back 28.7 ( 11-31) 26.5 (10.44) 



Loins 19-9 ( 7-82) 18.7 ( 7-38) 



, 61.9 (24.38) 57-3 (22.57) 



PROPORTIONS OF PRESACRAL REGIONS OF SPINE. 



Male. Female. 



(Dwight.) (R. &A.) (Cunningham.) (Dwight.) (R. & A.) (Cunningham.! 



Neck .... 21.5 21.7 21.8 21.2 21.7 21.6 



Back .... 46.3 46.7 46.5 46.1 46.5 45.8 



Loins .... 32.2 31-4 31-7 32-7 32.4 32-8 



100. o 99-8 100. o loo.o 100.6 100.2 



Thus, while it is true that the lumbar region is relatively longer in woman, the 

 difference is trifling. 



ABSOLUTE AND RELATIVE LENGTH OF PRESACRAL REGIONS DURING 



GROWTH. 



Age. 



Observer. 



At birth 



At birth 



At birth 



One month ........ 



One month 



Three months 



Six months 



Six months 



Ten months 



One year, boy 



One year, boy '. 



One year and one month, boy 

 One and a half years, girl . . 

 One and a half years, boy . 



Two years, boy 



Two years, boy 



Three years, girl ...... 



Four years, girl 



Four and a half years, boy . 



Five years, boy 



Five years, boy 



Six years, boy 



Nine years, girl 



Eleven years, boy 



Thirteen years, girl ... 



Fifteen years, boy 



Sixteen years, girl 



Sixteen years, girl 



Seventeen years, girl ..... 



Ravenel. 



Ravenel. 



Ravenel. 



Chipault.* 



Chipault. 



Ravenel. 



Aeby. 



Aeby. 



Dwight. 



Chipault. 



Chipault. 



Chipault. 



Chipault. 



Chipault. 



Ravenel. 



Aeby. 



Dwight. 



Aeby. 



Chipault. 



Symington.' 



Ravenel. 



Symington. 



Ravenel. 



Aeby. 



Symington. 



Dwight. 



Aeby. 



Aeby. 



Dwight. 



Absolute Length. 

 (In Millimetres.) 



Neck. Back 



50 

 40 

 40 

 40 

 42 

 50 

 52.5 



53-5 



61 



60 



69 



67 



62 



68 



70 



79-5 



78 



79-9 



81 



80 



80 



80 



85 



91 



95 

 120 

 100 



107- 5 

 113 



93 

 100 



95 



80 



80 



100 



103 



107 



125 

 121 

 129 

 118 

 130 



132 

 140 



153-5 



162 



162 



174 



170 



180 



175 



195 



218.7 



220 



265 

 221.8 



229.5 

 250 



Loins. 



50 

 50 

 50 



45 

 44 

 58 

 60 

 61 



77 

 72 



83 



79 

 69 



79 

 90 



98 



lOI 



I03-3 

 102.8 

 104 



135 

 106 



150 



153-5 



136 



183 



151 



152.5 

 i6r 



Total. 



193 

 190 



185 

 165 

 166 

 208 



215-5 

 221.5 

 263 



253 

 281 

 264 

 261 



279 

 300 



331 



341 



345-2 



357-8 



354 



395 



36X 



430 



463.2 



451 



568 



472.8 



489-5 



524 



Relative Length. 

 (Total = 100.) 



22.9 



23.1 



22.6 

 22.5 

 20.3 

 22.2 

 19.8 

 19.7 



21-5 

 21. 1 

 21. 1 

 21.9 



21-5 



47-5 



46.9 



48.9 



48 



45-6 



48.5 



45-4 



47-2 



48-7 

 46.6 

 46.9 

 46.9 



47-7 1 



Loins. 



25-9 



26.3 



27 



27.4 



26.6 



27.9 



27.8 



27-5 

 29.2 



28.5 



29.6 



30 



26.6 



28.3 



30 



29.6 



29.6 



29.9 



28.5 



29-4 



34-2 



29- 3 



34-9 



29.1 

 32.2 



31-9 

 31-I 

 30-7 



* Zeitschrift fur Anat. und Entwicklng., 1876. 

 ^ Cunningham : Memoirs, 1886. 



* The Anatomy of the Child. 



^ Arch, fiir Anat. und Entwicklng. 

 * Revue d'Orthop^die, 1895. 



1879. 



