402 



HUMAN ANATOMY. 



from the rest, have been called the internal lateral ligament' (Fig. 416). The 

 long external lateral ligament^ (Fig. 418;, though connected with the capsule 

 by areolar tissue on its deep surface, is truly a distinct ligament. It arises from the 

 external tuberosity of the femur and runs as a flattened cord downward and some- 

 what backward to the outer surface of the head of the fibula, almost, or quite, 

 splitting the tendon of the biceps, which is inserted external to it, overlapping the 

 ligament in front and behind. A s/ior/er band placed more posteriorly and insepa- 

 rable from the capsule can often be traced to the styloid process. The tendon of the 



Fig. 417. 



Femur 



Fibres to capsule from 

 tendon of adductor magnus 



Int. head of gastrocnemius 

 Bursa opening into joint 



Tendon of semimembranosus 



Posterior ligament of WinsloW' 



External head of gastrocnemius 



Head of plantaris 



External condyle 



Bursa opening into joint 



Popliteus tendon 



External lateral 



ligament 

 Tendon of biceps 



Superior tibio-fibular ligament 



Tibia Interosseous Fibula 



membrane 



Right knee-joint from behind. 



popliteus entering the joint from behind is incorporated with the capsule beneath 

 the long external lateral ligament, as described with the bursae. 



The semilunar cartilages (Pigs. 419, 420) are two crescentic disks of fibro- 

 cartilage lying each on top of one of the tuberosities of the tibia, with their thick 

 outer borders at the periphery attached to the capsule and their thin edges free, so 

 as partially to divide the joint into an upper and a lower part. The pointed ends 

 {cornua) are fastened near the middle line of the joint. Those of the external 

 cartilage ^ are attached to the front and back of the fibular facet of the spine of the 

 tibia and to the inner border of the raised articular facet before "and behind it. The 



' Llg. collaterale tibiale. 'Lig. collaterale Gbulare. ^Meniscus lateralis. 



