THE FACIAL MUSCLES. 



483 



muscle employed in the expression of interrogation and surprise and also, in con- 

 junction with the platysma, in that of horror. 



The transversus nucha" is a thin muscular band, frequently present, arising from the 

 occipital protuberance and extending laterally to terminate in various attachments ; sometimes, 

 for instance, uniting with the posterior border of the sterno-cleido-mastoid or with the auricu- 

 laris posterior. It may take its origin either superficial to or beneath the attachment of the 

 trapezius to the superior nuchal line, and in the former case is to be regarded as a portion of the 

 platysma group of muscles, while in the latter it is more probably a relic of the primary con- 

 nection between the trapezius and the sterno-cleido-mastoid and belongs to that group of 

 muscles (page 501). 



3. AuRicuLARis Posterior (Fig. 499). 



Attachments. — The posterior auricular {retrahens aiireni) is composed of a few 

 bundles of fibres which arise from the outer extremity of the superior nuchal line and 

 the base of the mastoid process and pass horizontally forward to be inserted into the 

 posterior surface of the concha. It is frequently imperfectly separated from the 

 occipitalis. 



Nerve-Supply. — By the posterior auricular branch of the facial nerve. 



Action.— -To draw the auricle backward. 



Fig. 499. 



Auricula ris superior 



Occipitalis 

 Auricularis anterior 



Auricularis posterior 



Zygomaticus major-^-^ 

 Zygomaticus minor 



Levator anguli oris 



Levator labii superioris 



Buccinator 



Risorius 



Frontalis 



Corrugator supercilii 

 Orbicularis palpebrarum 

 Orbital part of same muscle 

 Pyramidalis nasi 



Lev. labii sup. alaeque nasi 

 Compressor narium 



Dilatores naris 



Depressor alae nasi 



Orbicularis oris 



Depressor anguli oris 

 Depressor labii inferioris 

 Levator menti 



Platysma 



Superficial dissection of head, showing platysma muscles. 



4. Auricularis Superior (Fig. 499). 



Attachments. — The superior auricular {attoUens aiirem) is a triangular muscle 

 which arises from the lateral portion of the galea aponeurotica or from the temporal 

 fascia and converges to be ijiserted into the upper part of the cartilage of the 

 auricle. 



Nerve-Supply. — By fibres from the rami temporales of the facial nerve. 



Action. — To draw the auricle upward. 



5. Auricularis Anterior (Fig. 499). 



Attachments. — The anterior auricvilar {attrahe7is aiirem) is frequently con- 

 tinuous with the preceding muscle, lying immediately anterior to it. It arises from 

 the lateral part of the galea aponeurotica or from the temporal fascia and is inserted 

 into the upper anterior part of the auricular cartilage or into the fascia immediately 

 anterior to the cartilage. 



