i6o4 



HUMAN ANATOMY. 



THE MUSCLES OF THE PHARYNX. 



The arrangement of the muscular tissue differs from the ordinary one of the 

 digestive tract, inasmuch as the outer layer is approximately circular and the longi- 

 tudinal fibres are largely internal. The chief elements are the three constrictors, 

 which overlap one another from below upward, the stylo-pharyngeics , the palato- 

 pharyngeus, and certain accessory and rather irregular bundles of muscular fibres. 



Fig. 1360. 



Condyles 



Internal carotid artery 

 Internal jug 



V 



Central attachment of pharynx 



Mastoid — ^— . 



process % ^i^ ■: 



Internal 



pterygoid 



Styloid process 



Digastric, 



posterior belly 



Stylo- 



pharyngeus 



Stylo-glossus 



Stylo-hyoid — j 



Stylo-hyoid 

 ligament 



Tip of great comu of 

 hyoid bone 



Thyro-hyoid ligament 

 Superior cornu of thyroid 

 cartilage 



Pharyn- 

 geal 

 aponeu- 

 rosis 



Styloid 



process 

 Superior 

 constrictor 



Stylo- 

 pharyngeus 



Middle 

 constrictor 



dible 



Inferior constrictor 



Longitudinal muscle of oesophagus 



Muscles of pharynx from behind ; portion oi mierior constrictor has been removed. 



The superior constrictor (Figs. 1339, 1360) arises from the lower part of the 

 internal pterygoid plate, from the hamular process, the pterygo-mandibular ligament 

 which is stretched from it to the lingula of the lower jaw, from the neighboring end 

 of the mylo-hyoid ridge, and from the side of the tongue. From this origin the fibres 

 pass backward to meet their fellows in a median raphe, which extends almost the 



