1 868 



HUMAN ANATOMY. 



Surface Landmarks of Thorax. — The most important of the bony points 

 have already been described in connection with the spine, thorax, clavicle, and 

 scapula. The relations of the thoracic viscera to the surface have likewise been given 

 (page 1855). 



Inspection or palpation of the front of the chest will show (a) the oblique eleva- 

 tions of the ribs and the intercostal depressions ; (<^) the curved arch of the costal 

 cartilages ; (c) the sternal groove ; {d ) the angulus Ludovici ; (e) the infrasternal 

 depression ; (/) the lower border of the great pectoral muscle ; (g) the digitations 

 of the serratus magnus from the fifth to the eighth rib ; (/i) the nipple (pages 168, 

 170, 171). 



The infraclavicular fossa, the coracoid process, and the pectoral deltoid groove 

 have been described in connection with the muscles and fasciae of the shoulder 

 (page 579). 



Fig. 1590. 



Intraclavicular fossa 

 Coracoid proces'; 



Groove between deltoid- 

 and pectoralis major 



JL 



Suprasternal notch 



Clavicle 

 Sternum 



Acromion 



Deltoid 



. Ensiform cartilage 



Infrasternal 

 - depression 



Surface landmarks of the anterior wall of the thorax. 



A 



On the posterior surface of the thorax the most useful landmarks that may be 

 seen or felt are (a) the spine, acromion, vertebral edge and inferior angle of the 

 scapula (pages 255, 256) ; (d) the spines of the dorsal vertebrae (page 148) ; (<:) the 

 median spinal or dorso-lumbar furrow, the groove between the erector spinae masses 

 overlaid by the trapezius above and by the latissimus dorsi below ; (d) the depres- 

 sion at the inner end of the scapular spine indicating the tendinous insertion of the 

 lower fibres of the trapezius, the level of the third intercostal space, and a portion of 

 the right bronchus ; (e) a slight groove passing upward and outward over the erector 

 spiucC elevation from one of the lowest dorsal spines to this depression and marking 

 the lower edge of the trapezius (Ouain). 



The landmarks of the ilio-costal space and lumbo-sacral region are sufficiently 

 described on pages 148, 349. 



