78 



CUTIS. 



[sect. 3/, 



bundles (which may reach \ of a line), and their yellowish-red, 

 transparent colour, are visible to the unaided eye. In the nipple 

 itself they run partly circularly, partly perpendicularly, and be- 

 come connected to each other, so as to form a dense network, 

 through the meshes of which the excretory ducts of the milk-gland 

 pass. 



3. Finally, the smooth muscles are also met with in the super- 

 ficial portion of the corium, in all 

 parts where hairs occur (fig. 34), in the 

 Ma form of flattened, roundish bundles, 

 from o"02 to 0.16 of a line broad, 

 which, without exception, either 

 singly or in pairs, lie alongside of 

 the hair-follicles and sebaceous 

 glands. These muscles arise from 

 the most superficial portions of the 

 corium, close beneath the epidermis, 



Perpendicular section through the scalp, J - 



with two hah-sacs. a. Epidermis ; b. cutis; often by means of several little 



c. muscles of the hair-follicles. J . 



bundles and small tendons (Lister) ; 

 they pass obliquely from without inwards towards the hair-follicles, 

 embrace the sebaceous glands, and are attached to the former 

 immediately below the latter, or near to their base. 



§ 37. Fat-Cells. — The seat of these cells is pre-eminently the 

 panniculus adiposus. The fat-cells do not lie here in the form of 

 continuous layers, but fill, in larger or smaller masses or lobules, 

 the variously shaped interstices of the areolar tissue. Each fat- 

 lobule has a special envelope of connective tissue, in which the 

 nutritive vessels are distributed, and consists either of a single 

 aggregation of cells, or of a variable number of smaller and 

 smallest lobules, each of which again has a delicate covering of 

 Fig. 35. its own. According to Todd and Bowman, even 



every cell has its special covering and vessels ; but 

 although this is true in many cases, it certainly 

 does not apply to all In the corium the fat- 

 cells prevail most in the deeper portions around 

 the hair-follicles and glands, and they are alto- 

 gether wanting in the papillary layer. In indi- 

 viduals in moderately good condition the fat-cells 

 are invariably round or oval, from croi'" to 006'" 

 "l"Sui°e ah MS- in diameter, dark contoured, and filled with fluid, 

 pale yellow fat, in the form of a single drop. 



Two fat-cells, from the 

 medulla of the human 

 femur, a Nuclei ; 6. 



tied 350 times. 



