SECT. 130.] THE TONGUE. 1~j I 



bundles being continued in groups, immediately under the mucous 

 membrane, into small tendinous stripes of connective tissue, which 

 are then in part lost in the lower very firm layer of the mucous 

 membrane, afterwards to be described, and in part run as far as 

 the bases of the papilla. At the root of the tongue, the genio- 

 glossus does not extend as far as the mucous membrane, which can 

 here be readily dissected with its mucous follicles from the deeper 

 racemose glands, but ends upon and between the latter, connect- 

 ing itself, here also by tendinous stripes, either to the glands or to 

 a dense fibrous tissue lying between them ; it also sends a small 

 bundle to the epiglottis {levator epiglottitis Morgagni), perhaps 

 also to the lesser cornu and body of the hyoid bone, and a second 

 somewhat larger {glosso-pharyngeus) to the superior constrictor of 

 the pharynx. 



The transverse muscle, i. e., the transverse fibres of the tongue, 

 consists of very numerous lamella? belonging separately to each 

 half of the tongue, which dip in, very regularly, between the 

 transverse lamina? of the genio-glossus, and are to be found in all 

 parts of the tongue. Each lamella is o'l'" to o'i6"' thick, in the 

 middle of the tongue 'i of an inch deep, being generally disposed 

 perpendicularly, and its fibres extending from the septum Ungual 

 to the lateral margin. These lamella? might be said to begin 

 directly from the surface of the septum in its entire depth, still 

 they arise through means of a small quantity of tendinous tissue 

 which is transversely arranged and distinguished from the longi- 

 tudinal fibres of the septum, and, being united in the form of 

 small, flat bundles, proceed, at first, directly outwards. In 

 their further course they bend upwards, the uppermost, shortest 

 fibres extending to the lateral parts of the dorsum, the lower, 

 longer fibres reaching the proper border of the tongue, where they 

 are likewise inserted into the mucous membrane by means of 

 short bundles of connective tissue. The remaining lingual 

 muscles form, in a certain measure, the investment of the tongue, 

 and in their course, partly join the above-mentioned, partly 

 pursue special directions. 



The hjjo-glossus [basio- and cerato-glossus of authors) presents 

 nearly the same relations at the lateral parts of the tongue as 

 the genio-glossus in the middle. That is to say, arrived at the 

 lower surface of the lingual border, its thicker bundles divide into 

 a larger number of thin transverse JKmella?, which, curving more 

 or less upwards, slip in between the lamella? of the transverse 

 muscle, and in their further course present exactly the same 

 arrangement as the lamella? of the genio-glossus, to which 



