SECT. 130.] THE TONGUE. 273 



latter at the tip of the tongue ; but, joining the hyo-glossus ante- 

 riorly, it also proceeds in the form of numerous delicate lamella? 

 between the transverse as far as the dorsum of the tongue, in 

 order, in short, to present the same relations at the border of the 

 anterior third of the tongue, as the hyo-glossus further backwards. 



Lastly, there exists in man also a longitudinalis or lingualis 

 superior and independent perpendicular fibres. The longitudinalis 

 superior (fig. 118, Is) exhibits a longitudinal layer of fibres situated 

 between the uppermost fibres of the transversus and the mucous 

 membrane, occupying the entire length and breadth of the tongue, 

 and arising from the chondro-glossus, which has been incorrectly 

 understood bv most anatomists. The latter arises from the small 

 horn of the hyoid bone as a moderately thick bundle, which is 

 separated from the basio- and cerato-glossus by the lingual artery 

 and the glosso-pharyngeus ; it passes forwards beneath the deeper 

 layer of glands of the root of the tongue, and in part through the 

 midst of the terminations of the genio-glossus and lingualis in- 

 ferior; occupies, somewhat in front of the papillae circumvallatce, 

 almost the entire half of the tongue, and runs forwards immedi- 

 ately beneath the mucous membrane, between the extremities of 

 the genio-glossi and hyo-glossi as far as the tip of the tongue, in 

 the form of slender longitudinal lamina?, which are occasionally 

 united with each other at acute angles, to be lost in the skin of 

 the upper surface. Since these longitudinal fibres become thicker 

 anteriorly, it is probable that they are joined by other independent 

 superior fibres, which arise from, and terminate upon, the mucous 

 membrane of the dorsum. I find perpendicular fibres, which do 

 not arise from without, only in the apex, where they extend in 

 form of delicate bundles between the upper and lower mucous 

 membrane. The most anterior part of the transversus passes with 

 its lamina? through the inner part of these bundles, whilst their 

 extremities are pretty regularly traversed by the longitudinalis 

 superior and inferior and stylo-glossus, so that, upon a transverse 

 section, there appears an alternation of perpendicular and longi- 

 tudinal fibres, similar to that which is represented in fig. 1 1 8, 

 from the dorsum of the tongue. 



It may still be mentioned, that the glosso-palatinus is partly 

 lost in the mucous membrane of the lateral border of the tongue 

 along with the cerato-glossus, and partly appears to join the larger 

 bundles of the stylo-glossus. 



If after this description of the several extrinsic, as well as 

 intrinsic, muscles of the tongue, we cast a glance at the general 



T 



