SECT. 148, 149.] MUCOUS MEMBRANE OF THE STOMACH. J 19 



Fig. 134. 



-a 



MUCOUS MEMBRANE OF THE STOMACH. 



§ 148. In the stomach, the mucous membrane is soft and lax, 

 and, during digestion, bright greyish-red in colour, passing into 

 rose-red, excepting a small grey zone, § of an inch broad, at the 

 pylorus, with sometimes a corresponding one upon the cardia ; at 

 other times, it is greyish. In the empty stomach, the inner surface 

 presents folds, mostly longitudinal, which, however, become effaced 

 when the organ is filled. Besides these larger plicae, there are, 

 especially in the pyloric part, around the 

 openings of the tubular or gastric glands, 

 small reticulated folds, or even isolated villi 

 (plicce villosce, Krause), O'Oiq.'" to o , 048'", or 

 even o*i'" in height (-£$'" to -^"', Krause). 

 Moreover, the mucous membrane, especially 

 in the right part of the stomach, is not un- 

 frequently divided by shallow depressions into 

 slightly raised polygonal spaces, h'" , i\'", to 

 2'" in diameter; which, so called ' Etat mame- 

 lonne" of pathological anatomists, may be 

 found in perfectly healthy stomachs. The 

 mucous membrane is thinnest (+'" to I'") at 

 the cardia, becomes thickened in the middle 

 up to y", and in the pyloric part reaches §'" 

 and 1" — a difference which is entirely to be 

 ascribed to its layers of glands, inasmuch as 

 its epithelium and muscular layer have every- 

 where nearly the same thickness. The sub- 

 mucous tissue is abundant, and contains, as 

 throughout in the intestine, separate fat-cells. 



Perpendicular section 

 through the coats of the 

 stomach of the pig, from the 

 pylorus; magnified 30 times. 

 a. Glands. 6. Muscular 

 layer of the mucous mem- 

 brane, c. Submucous tissue 

 (tunica nervea), with cut 

 vessels, d. Transverse mus- 

 cular layer, e. Longitudinal 

 muscular laminse. /. Serous 

 membrane. 



§ 149. Glands of the Stomach. — The glands 

 of the stomach are divisible into mucous and 

 peptic glands. The latter, the most important parts of the mucous 

 membrane, appear in two forms, which, however, are not to be 

 regarded as sharply distinguished. The one set, or the simple 

 tubular, lie in the large middle zone of the stomach, which is 

 bright red during digestion, and, lying close to eaeh other and 

 preserving a tolerably straight direction, extend through the entire 

 thickness of the mucous membrane as far as its muscular coat. 

 They are, consecpiently, according to the region of the stomach, 



