3 2 ° 



GLANDS OF THE STOMACH. 



[sect. 149. 



r to i - 



or even 1 ; on an average, h 



\ r " 



long. 



They always begin in 

 groups of several together at the bottom of very shallow depressions 

 of the surface of the stomach, which scarcely deserve to be ranked 

 among the glands, as cylindrical tubes, 003'" to o - 04'" in breadth, 

 which, in their passage downwards, often become narrowed to 

 (yoi4'" to 0'02'", and terminate with a flask or club-shaped en- 

 largement, o"02'" to cro26"' or o , o36'" in diameter. The lower 

 third of the glands, especially in the neighbourhood of the pylorus, 

 is mostly of serpentine form, frequently even spirally twisted ; and 

 it is frequently divided into two short branches ; upon the lower 

 two-thirds of the glands, also, one or more short blind appendages 

 are not unfrequently met with. Nevertheless, apart from the 

 simple slight dilatations, which, undoubtedly, are very common, 

 but which must be distinguished from true blind appendages, a 

 decided majority of the glands of this region are simple; and 

 glands which might be correctly called racemose, do not occur in 

 Fi „. 135. it. Each gastric gland is surrounded 



by a delicate membrana propria, and 

 is filled with the so-called peptic cells 

 — finely granular, polygonal, nucleat- 

 ed cells, o'oo6'" to o'oi'" in size — 

 which, sometimes in form of a simple 

 epithelium, surround a narrow cavity, 

 sometimes completely fill the tubes of 

 the membrana propria, and at the bot- 

 tom of them invariably have less dis- 

 tinct cell-walls than in the upper 

 parts. 



A narrow zone upon the cardia 

 contains compound tubular gastric 

 glands (fig. 135). They begin with a 

 duct, 0-04'" to 0-08'" long, 0-03'" to 

 0"04'" broad (stomach -cell, Todd and 

 Boivman), which is lined by epithe- 

 lium-cylinders, and then, almost as 

 from a point, divides first into two or 

 three, and then into from four to seven 

 nearly equally long, cylindrical tubes, 

 beset or filled with peptic cells ; these 

 tubes then run parallel to each other into the deeper portion of the 

 mucous membrane. Moreover, the glands in question are especially 

 characterised by the extremely numerous and very considerable simple 



Compound peptic gland from the hu- 

 man stomach, magnified 100 times. 1. 

 Common excretory cavity (stomach-cell, 

 Todd and Bowman) ; 2. the tubes with 

 peptic cells. , 



