476 INVESTIGATION OF THE MAMMiE. [SECT. 210. 



microscopical characters, the presence of which appears to he con- 

 nected with the formation of the gland-canals. 



Donne, the discoverer of the colostrum bodies, states, that in inflammations 

 and swellings of the maturate during lactation, the milk assumes the nature 

 of colostrum; but this is contradicted by (T Outrcpont and Miinz (Neve 

 Zeitschr. fur Geburtskunde, bd. 10). During menstruation, Donne and 

 tVOutrepont find colostrum corpuscles in the milk; and Lehmann (I'hys. 

 Chemie,\\. 327) states that they occur in the course of any acute affection 

 which may supervene daring lactation. They are regarded by Donne as a 

 proof of bad milk. In the foot-rut of animals, Llerberger and Donne have 

 found the milk to possess more the character of colostrum. In milk which 

 has become sour, the caseine is found coagulated in the form of granules, and 

 the milk-globules gradually coalesce into larger drops. Blue and yellow milk 

 contains, according to Fuchs (see Schercr, art. ' Milch,' in Hand. d : Phys., ii. 

 p. 470), infusoria, themselves without colour, which he calls vibrio cyanogenus 

 and xanthbgenus. These, when mingled with healthy milk, will impart a 

 colour to it also ; an observation which has been confirmed by Lehmann for 

 blue milk : still, according to Bailleul (Compt. rend., xvii., p. 1 1 38) and Leh- 

 mann, a fungus also exists in such milk. 0. N'dgcli has also observed red 

 milk, and found a vegetable formation of the nature of a protococcus in it. 



For the investigation of the structure of the mammge, those of pregnant or 

 lactating females, or of women who have had children, should be selected, 

 because it is only in these that the gland-vesicles are well developed. The 

 glandular elements readily come into view by teasing out the smallest 

 lobules ; but, if it be desired to see their arrangement, fine sections of glands 

 boiled in acetic acid and dried, are especially to be recommended ; injected pre- 

 parations may also be used for this purpose, and are not difficult to be obtained, 

 when injected through the lacteal sacs. For the study of the development of 

 the gland, fresh preparations, as well as others made by means of acetic acid, 

 are absolutely necessary. The smooth muscular 6bres of the areola are 

 found by mere dissection, although not always easily, as they are often very 

 delicate at other times than during pregnancy. 



Literature. — Rudolphi, in den Abh. dcr Deri. Ahad,;iva Jahr 1831, p. 337. 

 A. Cooper, The Anatomy of the Breast, Lond., 1839. C. Langer, in derikschr. 

 d. Wiener Ahad., bd. iii., Wien, 1851. A. Donne, Du La it, et en purticnlicr du 

 Lait des Nourrices, Paris, 1836 ; then in Muller's Arcliiv., 1839, p. 18a ; and 

 Cours de Microscopic, Paris, 1844. Fr. Simon, Die Frauenmilch, nach ihrem 

 chemisch. and physiol. Yerhaltcn dargcstellt, Berlin, 1838; also in Muller's 

 Archives, 1839, PP- IO auc ^ l8 7- J- Henle, in Fr. Not., 1839, No. 223. H. 

 Nasse, in Mull. Arch., 1840, p. 259. Reinhardt, in Arcliiv. f. patlwl. Anat., 

 bd. i., p. 52—64. Lammerts van Bueren, in Neclerl. Lancet, 2. ser., 4 jaarg, 

 p. 722 ; 5 jaarg, p. 1 ; also in ibid., 2 sec, 5 jaarg, p. 1. Fr. Will, Ueber die 

 Milch ab sonde rung, Erlangen, 1850, Programm. Ch. Robin, in Gaz. Med., 

 1850, No. 13. Moleschott, in Arch. f. phys. LLcilli, xi. p. 696. Luschka, in 

 Mull. Arch, 1852, p. 402. H. Meckel von Hemsbach, in illustr. Med. Zcitq., 

 iii. p. 141. — The following works should also be consulted : Henle's Anatomy, 

 J. Muller's work on the Glands, and the Atlases of Berres, Donne\ and 

 Mandl. 



