606 GLANDS AND VESSELS OF NOSE. [sect. 235. 



nerves; but in part also they are found more isolated, as at the 

 lower limit of the olfactory region, and here bear most resemblance 

 to certain forms of the glands of Lieherkiihn, and of the embryonic 

 sudoriparous glands. I have not perceived any divisions on the 

 tubes, yet it is very possible that I have overlooked them, since 

 these organs also are very delicate and easily altered. Their canals 

 measure coi^'to 0-025'" in diameter, and are lined by a beautiful 

 simple epithelium, of roundish polygonal cells, o'Oo6'" to o'oo8'" 

 in size ; in these are contained more or less yellowish or brownish 

 pigment- granules, which also assist in producing the various colours 

 of the olfactory mucous membrane. The excretory ducts of the 

 glands of Bowman are somewhat narrower (o - oo8"' to 0-012'") than 

 the ducts within the glands, and are always lined by large roundish 

 cells ; they pass directly through the epithelium, and terminate on 

 its surface by roundish apertures, which measure o"oi'", and are 

 surrounded by a few large cells (in the rabbit, I find here an 

 elongated form of cells, and M. Sclmltze has observed similar ones 

 in the sheep). — In man, these glands are represented by ordinary 

 mucous glands ; and besides these, the mucous membrane is com- 

 posed here, as in its other regions, of a soft connective tissue, 

 without elastic elements. 



The vessels of the nasal mucous membrane are abundant in the 

 proper nasal cavity, less numerous in the accessory cavities : their 

 terminal branches are arranged partly in the form of loose plexuses 

 around the glands, and in the trunks and branches of the olfactory 

 nerves; partly in the form of a very dense network, on the surface 

 of the mucous membrane itself. In the latter situation the. vessels 

 form numerous loops, somewhat horizontally disposed, and, at first 

 sight, these loops suggest the existence of papilla 3 -, although no 

 such structures are present. The branches of the arteries and 

 veins also anastomose in a variety of ways, and the latter form the 

 rich cavernous plexus mentioned above, particularly on the lower 

 turbinate bone. Nothing is known of the lymphatics of the nasal 

 mucous membrane. — The nerves are, in the first place, branches of 

 the fifth pair (ethmoidal es } nasales posterior es, and a branch of the 

 dentalis anterior major) ; and these are distributed especially to 

 the ciliated region of the olfactory organ, and present the same 

 conditions here as in other sensitive mucous membranes, that of 

 the pharynx, for example. Fibres of these nerves also ascend into 

 the proper olfactory region, and, as I have seen in one case in the 

 calf, a few dark-bordered primitive tubes may even run from them 

 in the course of branches of the olfactory nerves. The olfactory 



