120 SPECIAL HISTOLOGY. 



of the body encloses within its meshes a considerable quantity of fat-cells 

 (Fig. 45,/), thus forming the pajinieul as adiposus ; in some situations, 

 however, as for example in the scrotum, thepew^s, and the nyinpJice, &c., 

 it contains but little or even no fat. The innermost layer of the subcu- 

 taneous cellular tissue, which upon the trunk and thighs forms a tolera- 

 bly firm fatless texture, the fascia superficialis, rests upon different 

 organs, as muscular fascice, j^'^'^'iosteum, and pericliondrium, muscles, 

 and the deeper accumulations of fat, and is more or less closely united 

 with them. The union is looser upon the trunk, the two distal divisions 

 of the limbs, the back of the hand and foot, the neck, and especially on 

 the eyelids ; the penis, scrotum, and on the extensor side of the articu- 

 lations, where the subcutaneous mucous bursa;, as they are called, are 

 frequently situated, as, for instance, in the knee, elbow, and phalangeal 

 joints. A more close connection sometimes exists — as where tendinous 

 fibres or processes (aponeurosis palmaris and plantaris, tinea alba), or 

 muscles (palmaris brevis, levator labii superioris alceque 7iasi, levator 

 labii superioris, &c.), are inserted into the skin ; sometimes, — as where 

 the innermost layers of the subcutaneous cellular tissue are blended, as 

 it were, by means of short, strong, filaments of connective tissue with 

 the subjacent m\x?,c\e,fascice, tendons, &c., particularly, therefore, on the 

 head, especially on the alee nasi and lips, the forehead and temples, the 

 ear, mouth, and occiput; on i\\e glans penis, hexiQn.i\\ the nails, &c. In 

 general, where the fat forms a thick layer, the skin is less movable than 

 when from any cause it is less abundant or entirely absent. 



The external surface of the subcutaneous cellular tissue, is connected 

 by means of numerous filamentary processes of connective tissue, with 

 the cerium, and is not everywhere clearly distinct from it ; but a sepa- 

 ration between the subcutaneous cellular tissue and the cerium, may be 

 pretty readily eff'ected, especially when the former contains an abun- 

 dance of fat, with the exception of certain situations (head, cheeks, chin, 

 &c.), where the follicles of the larger and more closely set hairs pene- 

 trate deeply into the panniculus adiposus. The subcutaneous cellular 

 tissue of i\\Q pienis, scrotum {dartes), &c., passes into the cerium without 

 any distinct limitation. 



The thickness of the subcutaneous cellular tissue varies very con- 

 siderably, as is well known, according to situation, age, sex, and the 

 individual. The fatless subcutaneous cellular tissue of the eyelids, and 

 of the upper and outer part of the ear, measures, according to Krause 

 ^, on the penis ^, on the scrotum f of a line. The panniculus adiposus 

 is 1 line thick on the cranium, brow, nose, lobe of the ear, neck, dorsum 

 of the hand and foot, the knee and elbow ; in most other situations it is 

 2 to 6 lines, though in fat persons it may exceed 1 inch in thickness, 

 and in thin ones may sink below 1 line. 



§ 33. The proper corium is a tough, slightly- elastic membrane, and is 



