423] LARVAE OF THE TENTHREDINOIDEA—YUASA 105 



and Zaddach (1865) discussed the immature stages and biology of eleven 

 European species of the Pamphiliidae and pointed out that certain of 

 their habits may be of taxonomic significance. The larvae of these species 

 fall into one or the other of two groups according to the type of nests they 

 build. The first group contains those whose larvae build nests by tying the 

 leaves of their food-plants together with threads of silk and are either 

 solitary, as Lyda, or gregarious, as Cephaleia and Neurotoma. The 

 second group consists of those whose larvae build nests by rolling the 

 edge of the leaves of their food-plants and live inside the tubes so formed, 

 as Pamphilius. Some of this latter group make portable nests out of 

 detached pieces of leaves, as Pamphilius inanitus on Rosa. The adults, 

 however, are so closely related to each other that Rohwer (1911) con- 

 sidered such a subdivision impractical. Konow (1901), in his analytical 

 table of the larvae, included sixteen species, representing four genera, but 

 did not register any Nearctic species. According to this writer (1905) the 

 larvae of Lyda and Cephaleia feed on coniferous plants while those of 

 Neurotoma and Pamphilius attack deciduous plants. Nothing is known 

 concerning the biology of Anoplolyda. Dyar (1895) included in his table 

 ten Nearctic pamphilids but, excepting Pamphilius ocreatus, all were uni- 

 dentified and many were taken from descriptions given by Packard (1890). 



Of about fifty-five Nearctic species representing seven genera, Acan- 

 tholyda, Itycorsia, Cephaleia, Caenolyda, Neurotoma, Pamphilius, and 

 Anoplolyda, only five species have been identified in the larval stage, 

 and the food-plants of about six species recorded. 



Four identified and several unidentified species have been examined. 

 It is not possible to define the genera with this limited material; the 

 species studied can be separated as follows. 



SPECIES OF PAMPHILIIDAE 



1(14) Subanal appendages with the second segment longer than or subequal to the third 

 segment, never distinctly shorter; head usually dark-colored ; tenth abdominal tergum 

 with colored patches 2. 



2(3) Subanal appendages with the second segment subequal in length to the third, all 

 segments black; first segment longer than the two distal segments taken together; 

 head black; body olive-green with yellowish lateral lobes; on spruce; Packard 

 (1890)-35 Pamphiliid sp. 1. 



3(2) Subanal appendages with the second segment longer than third, the third usually 

 darker in color than the others; first segment longer than or nearly equal to the two 

 distal segments taken together; head dark brown to green 4. 



4(5) Head green; tenth abdominal tergum without colored patches; body green; subanal 

 appendages with the second and third segments black; on Pinus strobus; Packard-83. 



Pamphiliid sp. 2. 



5(4) Head not green, usually brownish; tenth abdominal tergum with or without colored 

 patches; body not greenish, sometimes reddish or olivaceous; subanal appendages 

 usually with segments brownish; on Pinus and Abies 6. 



