ELEVENTH LECTURE. 



THE REMAINING LYMPHOID ORGANS WITH THE SPLEEN. 

 THE SO-CALLED BLOOD-VASCULAR GLANDS. 



STRUCTURES, which are identical with the follicles of a lym- 

 phatic node, and appear partly single, partly grouped, but 

 are always without the medullary substance of the former, 

 are met with manifoldly in the human and mammalial body. 

 In older times they were given the erroneous name of 

 "glands." 



Among these are included, as isolated occurrences, the 

 so-called lenticular glands of the gastric mucous membrane; 

 furthermore, the follicles in the mucous membrane of the 

 small and large intestine, to which has been assigned the 

 name of the solitary glands. Groups of lymphoid follicles 

 form the amygdale or tonsils, then the Peyer's glands of the 

 intestinal canal, as well as the so-called trachoma glands or 

 lymphoid follicles of the conjunctiva. A large allied organ 

 of the earlier period of life is presented in the thoracic gland 

 or thymus. Finally, the spleen, with a similar although con- 

 siderably modified structure, terminates this series. 



We comprehend all these, including the lymphatic nodes, 

 under the denomination of the " lymphoid " organs. 



Commencing with a so-called solitary gland of the gastric 

 or intestinal mucous membrane, we find it to be an ordinary 

 lymphoid follicle surrounded by a cup-like cavity. The 

 latter is again permeated by connective-tissue fibres which, 

 passing to the tissue of the adjacent mucous membrane, con- 

 stitute the connection with the neighborhood. The so-called 

 solitary glands of the small intestine — as I ascertained years 

 ago by injection — are again washed by the lymph. In 

 regard to the "lenticular glands" of the stomach, the authen- 



