124 ILLINOIS BIOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS [124 



Diesing (1850:514) found this species in Leuciscus idus and in 

 Alhurnus bipunctatus and further stated that Creplin found it in As- 

 pius rapax and in Alburnus sp. Diesing 's diagnosis added a little to 

 the previous knowledge of the form. His diagnosis reads: ^^ Caput 

 latum depressum truncatum, acetabulis lateralibus limbo prominulo. 

 Collum longum. Articuli teretiusculi subaequales longi confluentes. 

 Aperturae genitalium. . . Longit. 7-10"; latit. i/^-l'"." Van Bene- 

 den (1861:162-163) reported finding this form in several species of 

 Cyprinidae ("plusieurs especes de cyprins"). Altho he gave almost 

 no descriptive data a comparison of his figures with those of Batsch 

 leaves little doubt that his Taenia porulosa is identical and synonymous 

 with T. torulosa Batsch. Porulosa probably is a misspelling of torulosa. 

 Some authors have denied the synonymy of these names but their con- 

 tention has no support of facts. Van Beneden failed to state the locality 

 of his catch. Von Linstow (1878 and 1889) catalogued the hosts from 

 which this species had been collected. He added nothing to the descrip- 

 tion of the species. 



Zschokke (1884:20) stated that he found Taenia torulosa in Core- 

 gonus fera, Lota vulgaris and Alhurnus lucidus from Lake Geneva. 

 Since Zschokke reported Taenia longicollis and T. ocellata from Core- 

 gonus fera in addition to Taenia torulosa it is highly probable that all 

 of his specimens from Coregonus belonged to one of the last named ces- 

 tode species rather than to T. torulosa. Zschokke further states that 

 his specimens were too young to permit him to recognize any trace of 

 the internal organs. These statements as to a probable misdetermina- 

 tion of species apply equally well to his parasite report on Lota vulgaris 

 in which case he found Taenia ocellata in addition to Taenia torulosa. 

 His four young specimens from Alhurnus lucidus may have been Taenia 

 torulosa if only the question of host be considered. Of these four speci- 

 mens he wrote: '*La tete etait large, tronquee, les ventouses tres 

 fortes et saillantes. Le cou etait de longeur, mediocre, la segmentation 

 en articles peu accusee." Lonnberg (1889:15) reported the finding of 

 Taenia torulosa by Professor Tullberg. He gave no description and 

 did not state the locality of the collection. Von Linstow (1891:565) 

 found Taenia torulosa in Alhurnus lucidus. He gave no data. 



Kramer (1892:55) found Taenia torulosa in Alhurnus lucidus, 

 Lake Lucerne. He examined more than 150 specimens of Coregonus 

 fera without finding a single specimen of Taenia torulosa, and among 

 numerous specimens of Alhurnus lucidus but a single host was infected 

 with Taenia torulosa. He made the first careful morphological and 

 histological study of this species. Lonnberg (1894:801-803) included 

 Taenia torulosa in a list of species of his new genus Ichthyotaenia. 



